Richmondbranch1347

05). CONCLUSIONS Side-vented needles may be preferred in order to decrease PP at the first 24 hours after pulpectomy in primary molars. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Large numbers of hatchery-reared fish are released in stocking programs, however success is limited by high mortality. Predation is seen as the main cause of deaths, but might be reduced by training fish prior to release to avoid predators and/or use refuge. In this study on a potential restocking species, yellowfin bream Acanthopagrus australis, the effects of predator training and refuge on the behaviour of fish in the hatchery was tested. In the first experiment, juvenile bream were exposed to predatory mangrove jack (Lutjanus argentimaculatus) fed exclusively on bream flesh, while housed in tanks with and without refuge. Predator training altered fish behaviour when fish were re-exposed to predators, but the effects were subtle and varied between groups of fish. In contrast, refuge created strong and consistent changes in behaviour, significantly slowing the amount of time that fish took to consume food. A second experiment focused on the effects of refuge. Bream were trained to use artificial seagrass or house bricks as refuge, and then exposed to mangrove jacks in a laboratory predation experiment. When available, fish used refuge and significantly slowed their feeding rate. There was a small, transient increase in survival for fish given seagrass refuges, but this was irrespective of whether the bream were trained to use refuge. Our results indicate use of refuge may be innate and the benefits of refuge may be available to naive hatchery reared fish or fish trained to use refuge shortly before release. This suggests there is potential to improve post-release survival of fingerlings without time-consuming and costly hatchery training. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Children with disabilities are more likely to have problems related to growth and development than typically developing children. This study aimed to compare the growth and body composition indices of children with disabilities with those of typically developing children. METHODS Students from two elementary schools and one special school were recruited. Height, body weight, fat mass, fat-free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass, and percentage body fat (PBF) were measured. Raw data and proportions of classifications (under-, within-, and over- range) according to the reference value were analyzed. RESULTS In total, 355 typically developing children, and 73 children with disabilities participated. FFM was significantly lower in students with disabilities than in typically developing students (32.14 ± 5.82 vs. 28.71 ± 5.92, P less then 0.05). Compared to typically developing students, students with disabilities showed tendencies of lower ranges of BMI and FMI (fat mass index). The proportion of under-, within-, or over- ranges of FFMI (fat-free mass index) was significantly different between the two groups. Among the factors, age, gender, and disability, disability significantly influenced FFMI in school-aged children. The proportion of three ranges of BMI, PBF, FMI were significantly different among the age groups in students with disabilities (P = 0.006, P = 0.0001, and P = 0.001, respectively). Younger children had significantly more proportions of under range in BMI, PBF, FMI. CONCLUSIONS Disability significantly affects FFMI that represents muscle mass. Therefore, it is crucial to make efforts to increase physical activity and to improve nutrition in rehabilitative intervention strategies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) play key roles in regulating plant growth, development and stress adaptations. There are at least 610 RLKs (including RLCKs) in Arabidopsis. The functions of the majority of RLKs have not yet been determined. • We previously generated promoterGUS transgenic plants for all leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-RLKs in Arabidopsis and analyzed their expression patterns during various developmental stages. We found the expression of two LRR-RLKs, MUSTACHES (MUS) and MUSTACHES-LIKE (MUL), are overlapped in lateral root primordia. Independent mutants, mus-3 mul-1 and mus-4 mul-2, show a significantly decreased emerged lateral root phenotype. • Our analyses indicate that the defects of the double mutant occur mainly at stage I of lateral root development. Exogenous application of auxin can dramatically enhance the transcription of MUS, which is largely dependent on ARF7 and ARF19. MUS and MUL are inactive kinases in vitro but are phosphorylated in planta, possibly by an unknown kinase. The kinase activity of MUS is dispensable for its function in lateral root development. Many cell wall related genes are down regulated in mus-3 mul-1. • In conclusion, we identified MUS and MUL, two kinase-inactive RLKs, in controlling the early development of lateral root primordia likely via regulating cell wall synthesis and remodeling. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.This study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of miR-135b in high glucose-induced oxidative stress of renal tubular epithelial cells. Here, in vivo experiments we found that compared to the control group, miR-135b expression was significantly up-regulated in the diabetes group, whereas BMP7 mRNA and protein levels were down-regulated. In high glucose-treated renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) in vitro, oxidative stress was induced, which up-regulated miR-135b expression. In addition, the regulation of miR-135b on BMP7 expression was confirmed in HK-2 cells. Under high glucose conditions, oxidative stress promoted the apoptosis of HK-2 cells through the up-regulation of miR-135b expression. Vivo experiments indicated that interference with miR-135b improved renal function in mice with diabetic nephropathy. In conclusion, these results indicated that the up-regulation of miR-135b expression induced by oxidative stress promotes the apoptosis of HK-2 cells under high glucose conditions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The SLC30A2 gene encodes zinc transporter ZnT2, which is indispensable for the transport of zinc into the breast milk in the mammary gland. Transient neonatal zinc deficiency (TNZD) is caused by a mutation in the maternal SLC30A2 gene and has a clinical presentation similar to that of acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE). We described the case of a Chinese infant who presented with AE-like lesions 10 days after birth. Sanger sequencing of the AE-causing gene SLC39A4 revealed no mutations in genomic DNA from the infant, excluding the possibility of AE. Detection of the mother's breast milk showed a significantly lower zinc level. Thus, SLC30A2 sequencing was performed on her genomic DNA and a previously unreported homozygous c.262G > A (p.E88K) mutation was disclosed. Functional analysis suggested the novel mutation could lead to a strong disruption of zinc secretion, which indicated a complete loss of function in the ZnT2 protein. We finally diagnosed the infant with TNZD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of TNZD caused by a homozygous mutation in the maternal SLC30A2 gene. Compared to the heterozygous condition, a homozygous mutation seems to result in a more significant decrease in zinc secretion and a more rapid onset of TNZD. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.OBJECTIVES To assess if swimming practice results in changes in supraspinatus tendon thickness, acromiohumeral distance and occupational ratio in shoulders of elite swimmers with and without a history of shoulder pain. DESIGN Case-Control study. METHODS A convenience sample of fifty elite swimmers (14-22 years) were recruited for this study. Groups were defined by the presence (history of pain, N=37) or absence (pain free, N=63) of significant interfering shoulder pain within the previous 6 months. The current study analysed supraspinatus tendon thickness, acromiohumeral distance and the occupational ratio, through the use of ultrasound. Measures were taken prior to swim practice; immediately after practice; and 6 hours post practice. RESULTS No statistically significant difference in supraspinatus tendon thickness, acromiohumeral distance or ratio between shoulders with and without a history of pain were found at rest. Following a swimming practice, both shoulders with and without a history of pain had a significant increase in tendon thickness (0.27 & 0.17mm; p= less then 0.001 & less then 0.001). The increase in thickness was significantly greater in the history of pain shoulders compared to pain free shoulders (p=0.003). At 6 hours post practice, the history of pain shoulders were still significantly thicker than their pre practice (rested) levels (p=0.007). Despite changes in tendon thickness, the occupational ratio remained non significant between groups. CONCLUSION Shoulders with a history of pain show an altered response to swimming practice. The results of the current study have implications for training load and injury management. It should prompt investigation into how the tendon reacts under varying load conditions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Dendritic cells (DCs) are sentinels of the immune system that bridge innate and adaptive immunity. By capturing antigens in peripheral tissue, processing and presenting them with concurrent expression of costimulatory molecules and cytokine secretion they control and modulate immune reactions. Through pattern recognition receptors DCs sense molecules that are associated with infection or tissue damage frequently resulting in the formation of inflammasomes upon intracellular stimulation. The inherited autoinflammatory familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is associated with deregulated activity of the pyrin inflammasome leading to acute inflammatory episodes. However, differentiation and function of DCs in this disease are yet unclear. Therefore, first of all, we determined DC subpopulation frequency in peripheral blood of a cohort of FMF patients. Joint evaluation without classification according to specific patient characteristics, such as mutational status, did not disclose significant differences compared to healthy controls. For the further examination of phenotype and function, we used immature and mature monocyte-derived DCs (imMo-DCs, mMo-DCs) that were generated in vitro from FMF patients. learn more Immunophenotypic analysis of imMo-DCs revealed a significantly elevated expression of CD83, CD86, and HLA-DR as well as a significant downregulation of CD206, CD209, and GPNMB in our FMF patient group. Furthermore, FMF-imMo-DCs presented a significantly higher capacity to migrate and to stimulate the proliferation of unmatched allogeneic T cells. Finally, the transition towards a more mature and therefore activated phenotype was additionally reinforced by the fact that peripheral blood DC populations in FMF patients exhibited significantly increased expression of the costimulatory molecule CD86. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Tooth autotransplantation is the technique of transplanting embedded, impacted or erupted teeth from one site into another in the same individual. Autotransplantation can provide a long-term, cost-effective and biological solution for adolescent patients with congenitally missing teeth or significantly compromised teeth when a suitable donor tooth is available. Successful autotransplantation of immature teeth can offer many advantages for a growing patient, including a normally functioning periodontium, proprioception and preservation of alveolar bone volume. Even in the event that an autotransplanted tooth does eventually fail, the bone and soft tissue conditions are likely to be conducive for subsequent implant treatment. Despite the significant physiologic and cost-benefit advantages, tooth autotransplantation remains relatively under-utilised, as the procedure is considered to be technique sensitive. Although carefully considered individual case selection and surgical skill are the critical determinants for success, advances in three-dimensional computed tomography and rapid prototyping have the potential to simultaneously reduce the technique sensitivity and increase the predictability of the autotransplantation procedure.