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Pregnancy health literacy (PHL) among teenagers is considered a major protective factor for teenage pregnancy. In Lao PDR, 18% of girls aged 15-19 have begun childbearing and 15% of maternal deaths occur to teenage girls, particularly in rural areas.

The aim of this study was to describe PHL and its related factors among teenagers in Kaysone district.

This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Oudomvilay and Kheuakhaokat in Kaysone district in January 2019. The Teenage Pregnancy Health Literacy (TPHL) score was collected via face to face interviews covering 33 items with 262 adolescents. Calculation of the TPHL index score was based on the European Health Literacy Survey (HLS-EU) index formula. The TPHL index was also based on the HLS-EU standard level and descriptive statistics were used to explain the score and levels. Descriptive analyses were performed to analyse the individual, family, peer and school variables and to investigate level of TPHL and linear regression was used to identify factors related to TPHL.

The overall score for TPHL was a mean of 27/50. Most (60%) of the adolescents had problematic TPHL levels and only 0.4% had excellent TPHL levels. TPHL was positively and significantly associated with living in urban areas (

=

=0.002), higher education

=2.93;

=0.004), schooling (

=0.96;

=0.018), being single (

=2.9;

=0.029) and attending classes where sex education content was included (

=4.72;

0.001).

Low TPHL scores show the importance of improving sex education for adolescents as a means of increasing TPHL for better health outcomes in Lao PDR.

Low TPHL scores show the importance of improving sex education for adolescents as a means of increasing TPHL for better health outcomes in Lao PDR.

The use of contraception in Lao PDR remains inadequate. In 2017, unmet contraception needs among married women aged 15-49 were 14.3% in Lao PDR overall and 18.6% in the province of Savannakhet. Although the government has a goal to reduce gender inequalities, they still persist in many areas.

The aim of this research was to understand the extent to which couples' dynamics and gender attitudes affect contraception use in Savannakhet, Lao PDR.

To conduct this research, mixed methods were used. Quantitative methods took the form of a survey filled out by 200 married couples in the province of Savannakhet. Afterwards, focus group discussions were carried out to give meaning to the quantitative data and to obtain a deeper understanding of gender roles and contraceptive use.

Findings showed that most couples rely on female-dependent contraceptives and that while women hold most of the family planning responsibility, men's opinions have more weight on the final decision. Additionally, women's financial autondings are implemented, this may foster shared decision making within couples.

Although in many low- and middle-income countries undernutrition is steadily decreasing, nutritional challenges persist in remote communities, such as those in mountainous areas of Lao PDR. Isolated, with limited access to food and to health care and other public services, local diets are low in both quantity and diversity. Data needed to guide policy and planning are lacking.

The study aimed to identify the extent of malnutrition and associated factors among children aged 12-47months in remote mountainous communities in Lao PDR.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Nong district, Savannakhet province, covering 173 households, involving heads of households, mothers and their children aged 12-47months.

The prevalence of undernutrition was very high among the 173 children studied 72.8% were stunted, 50.3% underweight and 10.4% wasted. Key factors showing significant positive associations with nutritional status were assets (mobile phone or electric rice mill), collection of non-timber forest producding and health services.

This study identified multiple factors influencing child malnutrition, including low household food diversity, food insecurity, and poor feeding practices among ethnic minority people living in a difficult environment with limited resources. ACSS2inhibitor Child undernutrition in these poor communities is complex. Interventions are needed in different sectors, including agricultural production, knowledge on feeding and health services.

Currently the health research system in Lao PDR is fragmented and largely donor led. Capacity among national public health institutes is limited to select priority research questions for funding.

The objective of this capacity building and practice-oriented study is to describe the process and outcome of the first National Health Research Agenda for Lao PDR and how the agenda contributes to institutional capacity of the Ministry of Health, in order to contribute to evidence-informed public health policy making.

This activity used a mixed-methods approach. The overall design is based on principles of the interactive Learning and Action approach and consists out of 6 phases (1) identification of needs, (2) shared analysis and integration, (3) nation-wide prioritization of research domains, (4) exploring specific research questions, (5) prioritization of research avenues, (6) dialogue and planning for action. The process involved interviews with experts in health policy and research (n = 42), telephone-bass a tool to fund and approve research.

Our approach led to a comprehensive, inclusive, public health agenda for Lao PDR to realise better informed health policies. Questions on the agenda are action-oriented, originating in a desire to understand the problem so that immediate improvements can be made. The agenda is used within the MoH as a tool to fund and approve research.Access to cesarean delivery is vital for quality obstetrical care, but the procedure can increase maternal mortality, morbidity, and complications in subsequent deliveries. The objective of this study was to describe obstetrician-gynecologists' (OB-GYNs) perspectives on labor and delivery care for Micronesian women in Hawai'i and possible factors contributing to higher cesarean delivery rates among that racial/ethnic group. The Framework Method guided the analysis of 13 semi-structured interviews with OB-GYNs. Study results indicated that OB-GYNs were more likely to attribute racial/ethnic differences in mode of delivery to challenges resulting from nonmedical factors, particularly communication and negative attitudes toward Micronesian patients, than to medical risk factors. In this study, we explored aspects of care that cannot be captured in medical charts or clinical data, but may impact health outcomes for this population. The findings could help improve care for Micronesian women, with lessons applicable to other racial/ethnic minority groups.

To determine whether neuromuscular deficits in trunk and hip-related function are risk factors for athletic knee injuries.

Etiology systematic review with meta-analysis.

Six online databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus) were searched up to April 2019.

Studies assessing trunk and hip neuromuscular function as risk factors for knee injuries in healthy athletic populations were included.

Outcomes were synthesized quantitatively using meta-analysis of odds ratios, and qualitatively using best-evidence synthesis.

Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. There was very low-certainty evidence that greater hip external rotation strength protected against knee injuries (odds ratio = 0.78; 95% confidence interval 0.70, 0.87;

<.05). There was limited evidence that deficits in trunk proprioception and neuromuscular control, and the combination of excessive knee valgus and ipsilateral trunk angle when landing unilaterally from a jump, may be risk factors for knee injuries.

Most variables of trunk and hip function were not risk factors for injuries. Further research is required to confirm whether hip external rotation strength, trunk proprioception and neuromuscular control, and the combination of knee valgus angle and ipsilateral trunk control are risk factors for future knee injuries.

.

Most variables of trunk and hip function were not risk factors for injuries. Further research is required to confirm whether hip external rotation strength, trunk proprioception and neuromuscular control, and the combination of knee valgus angle and ipsilateral trunk control are risk factors for future knee injuries. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020;50(9)476-489. Epub 1 Aug 2020. doi10.2519/jospt.2020.9705.

To investigate corticospinal and spinal reflexive excitability and quadriceps strength in healthy athletes and athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) over the course of rehabilitation.

Prospective cohort study.

Eighteen athletes with ACLR and 18 healthy athletes, matched by sex, age, and activity, were tested at (1) 2 weeks after surgery, (2) the "quiet knee" time point, defined as full range of motion and minimal effusion, and (3) return to running, defined as achieving a quadriceps index of 80% or greater. We measured (1) corticospinal excitability, using resting motor threshold (RMT) and motor-evoked potential amplitude at a stimulator intensity of 120% of RMT (MEP

) to the vastus medialis, (2) spinal reflexive excitability, calculating the ratio of the maximal Hoffmann reflex to the maximal M-wave to the vastus medialis, and (3) isometric quadriceps strength.

The ACLR group had higher RMTs in the nonsurgical limb and higher MEP

in the surgical limb at all time points. The healthy-athlete group did not have interlimb differences. The RMT was positively associated with quadriceps strength 2 weeks after surgery; MEP

was associated with quadriceps strength at all time points.

Compared to healthy athletes, athletes after ACLR had altered corticospinal excitability that did not change from 2 weeks after surgery to the time of return to running.

.

Compared to healthy athletes, athletes after ACLR had altered corticospinal excitability that did not change from 2 weeks after surgery to the time of return to running. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020;50(9)516-522. Epub 1 Aug 2020. doi10.2519/jospt.2020.9329.

To determine whether the addition of perturbation training to a secondary injury prevention program reduces the rate of second anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury compared to the prevention program alone.

Single-blinded randomized controlled trial.

Thirty-nine female athletes who intended to return to cutting/pivoting sports were enrolled 3 to 9 months after primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Athletes were randomized to receive a training program of either progressive strengthening, agility, plyometrics, and prevention (SAPP) (n = 20) or SAPP plus perturbation training (n = 19); each had 10 sessions over 5 weeks. Occurrence and side of second ACL injury were recorded for 2 years after primary ACLR.

There were 9 second ACL injuries in the 2 years after ACLR. There was no statistically significant difference in rate or side of second ACL injury between the SAPP-plus-perturbation training and SAPP groups.

Adding perturbation training to a secondary ACL injury prevention program did not affect the rate of second ACL injury in female athletes.