Richardsdickinson3930

The antennal sensilla and the antenna of females Nyssomyia intermedia, one of the main vectors of American cutaneous leishmaniasis, were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The main goal was to characterize the quantity, typology, and topography of the sensilla with particular attention to the olfactory types. The insects were captured in the city of Corte de Pedra, State of Bahia, Brazil, by CDC-type light traps and raised in a laboratory as a new colony. Fourteen well-differentiated sensilla were identified, among six cuticular types trichoidea, campaniformia, squamiformia, basiconica, chaetica, and coeloconica. Of these, six sensilla were classified as olfactory sensilla due to their specific morphological features. Smaller noninnervated pilosities of microtrichiae type were also evidenced by covering all antennal segments. The antennal segments differ in shapes and sizes, and the amount and distribution of types and subtypes of sensilla. This study may foment future taxonomic and phylogenetic analysis for a better evolutionary understanding of the sand flies. Besides, it may assist the targeting of future electrophysiological studies by Single Sensillum Recording, and aim to develop alternative measures of monitoring and control of this vector.

Amid an explosion of interest in deep learning in medicine, including within ophthalmology, concerns regarding data privacy, security, and sharing are of increasing importance. A model-to-data approach, in which the model itself is transferred rather than data, can circumvent many of these challenges but has not been previously demonstrated in ophthalmology.

To determine whether a model-to-data deep learning approach (ie, validation of the algorithm without any data transfer) can be applied in ophthalmology.

This single-center cross-sectional study included patients with active exudative age-related macular degeneration undergoing optical coherence tomography (OCT) at the New England Eye Center from August 1, 2018, to February 28, 2019. Data were primarily analyzed from March 1 to June 20, 2019.

selleck products of the deep learning model, using a model-to-data approach, in recognizing intraretinal fluid (IRF) on OCT B-scans.

The model was trained (learning curve Dice coefficient, >80%) using 400 OCT B-srther examined in larger-scale, multicenter deep learning studies.The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Taxonomy includes organism names and classifications for every sequence in the nucleotide and protein sequence databases of the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration. Since the last review of this resource in 2012, it has undergone several improvements. Most notable is the shift from a single SQL database to a series of linked databases tied to a framework of data called NameBank. #link# This means that relations among data elements can be adjusted in more detail, resulting in expanded annotation of synonyms, the ability to flag names with specific nomenclatural properties, enhanced tracking of publications tied to names and improved annotation of scientific authorities and types. Additionally, practices utilized by NCBI Taxonomy curators specific to major taxonomic groups are described, terms peculiar to NCBI Taxonomy are explained, external resources are acknowledged and updates to tools and other resources are documented. Database URL https//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy.The rapid and accurate diagnosis of swine diseases is indispensable for reducing their negative impacts on the pork industry. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a promising diagnostic tool for swine diseases. To support the application of NGS in the diagnosis of swine disease, we established the Swine Pathogen Database (SPDB). The SPDB represents the first comprehensive and highly specialized database and analysis platform for swine pathogens. The current version features an online genome search tool, which now contains 26 148 genomes of swine, swine pathogens and phylogenetically related species. This database offers a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis pipeline for the identification of 4403 swine pathogens and their related species in clinical samples, based on targeted 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomic NGS data. The SPDB provides a powerful and user-friendly service for veterinarians and researchers to support the applications of NGS in swine disease research. Database URL http//spdatabase.com2080/.

To evaluate the incidence, visual prognosis, and mortality in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Korea.

We used the National Health Insurance and the Korean Disability Registry database, which covers the entire newborn population in 2006 to 2014 and includes information on all newborns diagnosed with ROP until 2016. Using these databases, we evaluated the incidence, rate of visual impairment (VI), and mortality in patients with ROP according to the birth weight categories and treatment modalities.

The ROP incidence per 1000 newborns was 1.99, which broke down into 317.14 in the very low birth weight (VLBW) less than 1500 g population, 25.45 in the 1500 to 2499 g population, and 0.29 in the 2500 g or greater population. When assessed at age 10, the VI rate was 2.2 per 100 person-years, which was highest at 4.5 per 100 person-years in the VLBW population compared with the population in other birth weight categories. Among treated cases, the proportion of VI in patients undergoing laser photocoagulation os. Differences in visual outcomes and comparable mortality risks between treatment modalities require further verification.

To explore the involvement of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in circular RNAs (circRNAs) and relevant methyltransferases in the lesion of lens epithelium cells (LECs) under the circumstances of age-related cataract (ARC).

LECs were collected from normal subjects and patients with cortical type of ARC (ARCC). M6A-tagged circRNAs and circRNAs expression were analyzed by m6A-modified RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (m6A-RIP-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were used to predict possible functions of the m6A-circRNAs. Expression of m6A-related methyltransferase and demethytransferase was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Expression and location of AlkB homolog 5 RNA demethylase (ALKBH5), a key component of m6A demethytransferase, were determined by Western blot and immunostaining.

All 4646 m6A peaks within circRNAs had different abundances, with 2472 enriched anression of methyltransferases in lens tissue might selectively change the epigenetic profile of lens genome through regulating genes that host the circRNAs, thus enhance the susceptibility to ARC. The results might provide a new insight in the molecular target of ARC pathogenesis.

Although it is known that the retinal arteriolar vasculature is constricted in hypertension, the details of retinal hemodynamics and perfusion of the retinal circulation have yet to be adequately characterized.

Male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) controls were anesthetized before measurements of mean arterial blood pressure and preparation for intravital microscopy of the retinal microcirculation. Retinal vascular velocities were measured with the use of fluorescent microspheres, and diameters and mean circulation times were measured after the infusion of fluorescent dextran. Arteriolar and venular shear rates were calculated from the ratio of velocity to diameter.

In the retinas of SHR, velocities were elevated (compared with control WKY) in arterioles, but not in venules. Both arteriolar and venular diameters were significantly smaller in SHR versus WKY, with substantial increases in shear rates. Despite a tendency toward lower retinal blood flow rates, the mea induce changes in the vessel wall. Finally, significantly more rapid transits through the hypertensive retina could be a result of altered blood flow distribution.

To evaluate the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ZC3H11B, RSPO1, C3orf26, GJD2, ZNRF3, and WNT7B genes and myopia endophenotypes in children.

Seven SNPs identified in previous genome-wide association studies of axial length (AL) were genotyped in 2883 Southern Han Chinese children. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the genotype association with AL, spherical equivalent (SE), corneal curvature (CC), and central corneal thickness (CCT).

Two SNPs-namely, rs12144790 in RSPO1 (allele T, P = 0.0066, β = 0.062) and rs10453441 in WNT7B (allele A, P = 8.03 × 10-6, β = 0.103)-were significantly associated with AL. The association of rs4373767 in ZC3H11B (allele C, P = 0.030, β = -0.053) could not withstand the correction for multiple testing. WNT7B rs10453441 showed a strong association with CC (P = 1.17 × 10-14, β = 0.053) and with CCT (P = 0.0026, β = 2.65). None of the tested SNPs was significantly associated with SE. link2 The C allele of SNP rs12321 in ZNRF3 was associated with CC (P = 0.0060, β = -0.018).

This study revealed that the RSPO1 SNP rs12144790 was associated with AL, whereas WNT7B rs10453441 was associated with AL, CC, and CCT in children. A novel association between ZNRF3 rs12321 and CC was discovered. Our data suggest that the RSPO1 and WNT7B genes might exert their effects on multiple aspects of eye growth during childhood. Potential differences in the genetic profiles of AL between children and adults should be explored in larger cohorts.

This study revealed that the RSPO1 SNP rs12144790 was associated with AL, whereas WNT7B rs10453441 was associated with AL, CC, and CCT in children. A novel association between ZNRF3 rs12321 and CC was discovered. Our data suggest that the RSPO1 and WNT7B genes might exert their effects on multiple aspects of eye growth during childhood. Potential differences in the genetic profiles of AL between children and adults should be explored in larger cohorts.Maternal aging affects various aspects of oocytes' physiology, including the functionality of their nuclear apparatus and mitochondria. In the present paper, we wished to investigate whether advanced reproductive age impacts oocytes' ability to generate proper Ca2+ oscillations in response to monospermic fertilization. link3 We examined three different mouse strains/crosses inbred C57BL/6Tar, outbred TarSWISS, and hybrid F1 (C57BL/6Tar × CBA/Tar). The females were either 2-4 months old (young) or 13-16 months old (aged). We observed that the Ca2+ oscillatory pattern is altered in a strain-dependent manner and changes were more profound in aged C57BL/6Tar and F1 than in aged TarSWISS oocytes. We also showed that maternal aging differently affects the size of Ca2+ store and expression of Itpr1, Atp2a2, Erp44, and Pdia3 genes involved in Ca2+ homeostasis in oocytes of C57BL/6Tar, TarSWISS, and F1 genetic background, which may explain partially the differences in the extent of age-dependent changes in the Ca2+ oscillations in those oocytes. Maternal aging did not have any visible impact on the distribution of the ER cisterns in oocytes of all three genetic types. Finally, we showed that maternal aging alters the timing of the first embryonic interphase onset and that this timing correlates in C57BL/6Tar and TarSWISS oocytes with the frequency of fertilization-induced Ca2+ oscillations. Our results indicate that extreme caution is required when conclusions about oocyte/embryo physiological response to aging are made and complement an increasing amount of evidence that mammalian (including human) susceptibility to aging differs greatly depending on the genetic background of the individual.