Reyesmcgrath3450

The use of rubber granulate in the composition of asphalt mixtures, as well as the use of poroelastic layers, is indicated by many research centers as a factor with a positive effect on tire/road noise reduction. Attention is however paid to their lower structural durability compared to asphalt concrete (AC) or stone mastic asphalt (SMA). Stone mastic asphalt reducing tire/road noise (SMA LA) layers have also been recently used as low-noise road surfaces. The article presents the test results of viscoelastic properties of asphalt mixtures SMA8 LA, SMA8 LA containing 10%, 20%, and 30% of rubber granulate, with bitumen 50/70, bitumen 50/70 modified with styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) copolymer, crumb rubber, and mixtures with bitumen modified simultaneously with crumb rubber and SBS copolymer. The reference asphalt mixture was the porous asphalt (PA8). The presented results of water damage resistance, degradation resistance in the Cantabro abrasion loss test, stiffness modulus as a function of temperature and hysteresis loop proved that the amount of rubber granulate and the type of binder significantly affect the values of these parameters. Attention was paid to the possibility of using the results of uniaxial cyclic compression tests when determining the proportion of rubber granulate in SMA8 LA mixtures. Tests of hysteresis loops and stiffness modulus confirm much higher elasticity of SMA8 LA mixtures with rubber granulate as compared to mixtures without the addition of granulate.Amino acids are known to play a key role in gene expression regulation. Amino acid signaling is mediated via two pathways the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and the amino acid responsive (AAR) pathways. Cationic amino acid transporters (CATs) are crucial in these pathways due to their sensing, signaling and transport functions. The availability of certain amino acids plays a key role in the intake of other amino acids, hence affecting growth in young birds. However, the specific mechanism for regulating lysine transport for growth is not clear. In this study, we analyze the transcriptome profiles and mRNA expression of selected cationic amino acid transporters in the livers of broilers fed low and high lysine diets. Birds consumed high-lysine (1.42% lysine) or low-lysine (0.85% lysine) diets while the control group consumed 1.14% lysine diet. These concentrations of lysine represent 125% (high lysine), 75% (low lysine) and 100% (control), respectively, of the National Research Council's (NRC) recommendation for broiler chickens. After comparing the two groups, 210 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified (fold change >1 and false discovery rate (FDR) less then 0.05). When comparing the high lysine and the low lysine treatments, there were 67 upregulated genes and 143 downregulated genes among these DEGs. Analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and the Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis show that cellular growth, lipid metabolism and lysine metabolism pathways were among the significantly enriched pathways. This study contributes to a better understanding of the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the correlation between lysine intake, body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) in broiler chickens. Moreover, the DEGs obtained in this study may be used as potential candidate genes for further investigation of broiler growth customized responses to individualized nutrients such as amino acids.Effects of the stress ratio on the very high cycle fatigue behaviors of 9%Cr turbine steel have been investigated at 630 °C. The experimental results show that the S-N curve has a continuous downward trend and has no fatigue limit with the increasing in the cycles at 630 °C. Meanwhile, according to the analysis of microstructure, there are two failure modes that were observed at different stress ratios (R = -1 and 0.1), including surface crack failure and internal crack failure, respectively. Besides, the theoretical threshold value of the crack growth is compared with the calculated value of the fracture surface. To decrease the difference between the threshold value of internal crack initiation and the corresponding theoretical value, a new model for the crack growth threshold of the interior-induced fracture at different stress ratios is proposed and discussed.The enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is inhibited by non-productive adsorption of cellulases to lignin, and that is particularly problematic with lignin-rich materials such as softwood. Although conventional surfactants alleviate non-productive adsorption, using biosurfactants in softwood hydrolysis has not been reported. In this study, the effects of four biosurfactants, namely horse-chestnut escin, Pseudomonas aeruginosa rhamnolipid, and saponins from red and white quinoa varieties, on the enzymatic saccharification of steam-pretreated spruce were investigated. The used biosurfactants improved hydrolysis, and the best-performing one was escin, which led to cellulose conversions above 90%, decreased by around two-thirds lignin inhibition of Avicel hydrolysis, and improved hydrolysis of pretreated spruce by 24%. Red quinoa saponins (RQS) addition resulted in cellulose conversions above 80%, which was around 16% higher than without biosurfactants, and it was more effective than adding rhamnolipid or white quinoa saponins. Cellulose conversion improved with the increase in RQS addition up to 6 g/100 g biomass, but no significant changes were observed above that dosage. Although saponins are known to inhibit yeast growth, no inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation of hydrolysates produced with RQS addition was detected. This study shows the potential of biosurfactants for enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis of steam-pretreated softwood.Sign Language recognition systems aid communication among deaf people, hearing impaired people, and speakers. One of the types of signals that has seen increased studies and that can be used as input for these systems is surface electromyography (sEMG). This work presents the recognition of a set of alphabet gestures from Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) using sEMG acquired from an armband. see more Only sEMG signals were used as input. Signals from 12 subjects were acquired using a MyoTM armband for the 26 signs of the Libras alphabet. Additionally, as the sEMG has several signal processing parameters, the influence of segmentation, feature extraction, and classification was considered at each step of the pattern recognition. In segmentation, window length and the presence of four levels of overlap rates were analyzed, as well as the contribution of each feature, the literature feature sets, and new feature sets proposed for different classifiers. We found that the overlap rate had a high influence on this task. Accuracies in the order of 99% were achieved for the following factors segments of 1.