Reimerohlsen2302

Limit-setting in areas other than the internet was significiently less in the IGD group. Also, high rates of psychiatric comorbidity were found in adolescents with IGD. CONCLUSION Our study identified that adolescents with IGD perceived their parents "cared less about them" and "minded less on their autonomy" compared with the control group. Our survey demonstrated that parental attitudes may be among the risk factors for IGD and the presence of psychiatric comorbidity may affect the management of IGD. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Organic luminogens with persistent room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) have found a wide range of applications in sensing, bioimaging, illumination, and information encryption However, many RTP luminogens are prone to severe quenching in the crystalline state. Herein we report a working strategy to construct a donor-sp3-acceptor type of luminogen which exhibits aggregation-induced emission (AIE) while the donor-sp2-acceptor counterpart structure exhibits non-emissive solid state. Unexpectedly, it was discovered that a trace amount (0.01%) of structurally similar derivative, produced by a side reaction with the DMF solvent, could induce strong RTP with an absolute RTP yield up to 25.4% and a lifetime of 48 ms, although the identified substance does not show RTP by itself. Single-crystal XRD-based calculations suggest that n-σ* orbital interactions as a result of structural similarity may be responsible for the strong RTP in the bicomponent system. The current study provides a new insight into the design of multi-component, solid-state RTP materials from organic molecular systems. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.BACKGROUND Despite the well-known association between anxiety and risk-avoidant decision making, it is unclear how pathological anxiety biases risk learning. We propose a Bayesian inference model with bias parameters of prior, learning, and perception during risk learning in individuals with pathological anxiety. METHODS Patients with panic disorder (PD, n = 40) and healthy control subjects (n = 84) completed the balloon analog risk task (BART). By fitting our computational model of three bias parameters (prior belief, learning rate, and perceptual bias) to the participants' behavior, we estimated the degree of bias in risk learning and its relationship with anxiety symptoms. RESULTS Relative to the healthy control subjects, the pathologically anxious participants exhibited a biased underestimation of perceptual evidence rather than differences in priors and learning rates. The degree of perceptual bias was correlated with the anxiety and depression symptom severity in the patients with PD. Furthermore, our proposed model was the winning model for BART data in an external data set from different patient groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that individuals with pathological anxiety demonstrate perceptual bias in evidence accumulation, which may explain why patients with anxiety overestimate risk in their daily lives. This clarification highlights the importance of interventions focusing on perceptual bias, such as enhancing the clarity of favorable outcome probabilities. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.OBJECTIVE This study aimed at identifying characteristics of individuals who are most likely to benefit from long-term opioid therapy in terms of reduction in pain severity and improved mental health-related quality of life (mQoL) without considering potential risks. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of 116 patients (age=51.3 ±12.5 years, male=42.2%) enrolled in the Quebec Pain Registry between 2008 and 2011 and who initiated opioid therapy after their first appointment in a multidisciplinary pain clinic and persisted with this treatment for at least 12 months. Clinically significant improvement was defined as a 2-point decrease on the PEG 0-10 Scale of pain severity at 12-month follow-up and a 10-point increase on the SF-12v2 Mental Health-Related Quality of Life Summary Scale which corresponds to one standard deviation of the mean in the general population (Mean = 50, SD = 10). RESULTS Clinically significant reduction in pain severity was observed in 26.7% of patients while improvement in mQoL was reported by 20.2% of patients on long-term opioid therapy. Older age (OR=1.04 (95% CI 1.0 - 1.08), p=0.032) and alcohol or drug problems (OR=0.26 (95% CI 0.07 - 0.96), p=0.044) were weakly associated with pain severity at 12-month follow-up. Baseline higher pain severity (OR=0.62 (95% CI 0.43 - 0.91), p=0.014) and baseline higher mQoL (OR=0.89 (95% CI 0.83 - 0.95), p=0.001) were associated with non-improvement in mQoL. CONCLUSION The analysis failed to identify clinically meaningful predictors of opioid therapy effectiveness making it difficult to inform clinicians about which CNCP patients are most likely to benefit from long-term opioid therapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Vulnerability to drug addiction relies on substantial individual differences. We previously demonstrated that serotonin transporter knockout (SERT-/- ) rats show increased cocaine intake and develop signs of compulsivity. However, the underlying neural mechanisms are not fully understood. Given the pivotal role of glutamate and prefrontal cortex in cocaine-seeking behavior, we sought to investigate the expression of proteins implicated in glutamate neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex of naïve and cocaine-exposed rats lacking SERT. We focused on the infralimbic (ILc) and prelimbic (PLc) cortices, which are theorized to exert opposing effects on the control over subcortical brain areas. SERT-/- rats, which compared to wild-type (SERT+/+ ) rats show increased ShA and LgA intake short-access (ShA) and long-access (LgA) cocaine intake, were sacrificed 24 h into withdrawal for ex vivo molecular analyses. In the ILc homogenate of SERT-/- rats, we observed a sharp increase in glial glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) after ShA, but not LgA, cocaine intake. This was paralleled by ShA-induced increases in GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B NMDA receptor subunits and their scaffolding protein SAP102 in the ILc homogenate, but not postsynaptic density, of these knockout animals. In the PLc, we found no major changes in the homogenate; conversely, the expression of GluN1 and GluN2A NMDA receptor subunits was increased in the postsynaptic density under ShA conditions and reduced under LgA conditions. These results point to SERT as a critical regulator of glutamate homeostasis in a way that differs between the subregions investigated, the duration of cocaine exposure as well as the cellular compartment analyzed. © 2020 The Authors. Addiction Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society for the Study of Addiction.Appearing as a new class of porous materials, noble metal aerogels (NMAs) have drawn tremendous attention because of their combined features including self-supported architectures, high surface areas, and numerous optically/catalytically active sites, enabling their impressive performance in diverse fields. However, the fabrication methods often suffer from tedious procedures, long preparation times, various unavoidable impurities, and uncontrolled multiscale structures, discouraging fundamental and application oriented studies. Here, by utilizing the long-term reactivity of the noble metal aggregates, the freezing-promoted salting-out behavior, and the ice-templating, a freeze-thaw method is developed capable of preparing various hierarchically structured noble metal gels within only one day directly from dilute solutions without extra additives. In light of the cleanliness, the multi-scale structures, as well as the combined catalytic/optical properties of the obtained aerogels, the intrinsic and exceptional electrocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic performance of NMAs are accordingly demonstrated surpassing those of commercial noble metal catalysts. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.We report an atom-economic approach that has an unprecedentedly high selectivity for lactic acid (LA) synthesis based on a catalytic dehydrogenative cross-coupling using cheap and bulk ethylene glycol and methanol. Our method relies on the synthesis and utilization of a novel iridium catalyst bearing three N-heterocyclic carbenes derived from 1.3-dimethylbenzimidazolium salts, which exhibits an outstanding activity in producing LA (turnover frequency (TOF) up to 3660 h-1) due to an elegant metal-ligand cooperation. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.BACKGROUND In the context of interventions aimed at reducing pain, disability and maladaptive pain cognitions in chronic neck pain, it is hypothesized that patients who have greater symptom reduction, possibly also demonstrate greater improvement in cervical motor output. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of pain neuroscience education plus cognition-targeted motor control training on cervical motor output. METHODS Impairments in cervical motor output were measured in 64 subjects with chronic neck pain using standardized tests. Cervical muscle strength, cervical mobility, balance and cervical neuromuscular control were derived. To assess the differences between groups in response to treatment, a random-intercept linear mixed models analysis, applying a diagonal covariance matrix, was used. RESULTS A significant treatment x time interaction effect was found for neuromuscular control of the deep cervical flexors, favoring the experimental treatment at 3 months follow-up (mean group difference 1.982; 95% CI 0.779,3.185; large effect size D =.82). Significant main effects of time were found for the neuromuscular capacity of scapulothoracic muscles and for cervical mobility. No significant effects were found for balance, cervical muscle strength and endurance of cervical flexors. CONCLUSION Pain neuroscience education combined with cognition-targeted motor control training is not more effective than biomedically-focused education and exercise therapy for improving cervical motor output in people with chronic neck pain. Our findings question the relative importance of factors such as pain, disability and maladaptive pain cognitions on cervical motor output and the need to address it in treatment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors experience head and neck lymphedema (HNL), which requires treatment to prevent morbidity. We explore the self-reported outcomes and satisfaction of patients with HNC receiving treatment for HNL with an advanced pneumatic compression device (APCD). Fasiglifam datasheet METHODS HNC survivors (n = 205) prescribed with an at-home Flexitouch head and neck APCD completed pretreatment and posttreatment self-reported assessments addressing efficacy, function, and symptoms. Participant average age was 60 years with 74% male. Pre-post responses for ≥25 days of use were assessed via the non-parametric Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. RESULTS Analysis revealed statistically significant improvement in all symptoms and all function items (P  less then  0.00001). Compliance with prescribed therapy (at least 30 minutes daily) was high with 71% of participants reporting daily use and 87% reporting overall satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS The reported improvements in function and symptoms, and high compliance rate, provide a rationale for a subsequent randomized controlled trial.