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on assistance programs among treatment and control groups might explain the lack of impact.ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT04316819 (http//www.clinicaltrials.gov).

This article is published as part of a supplement supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service.

This article is published as part of a supplement supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service.

Food insecurity is a concern for the health and well-being of low-income children in the United States. School-based nutrition assistance programs aim to reduce food insecurity; however, there is limited evidence of their combined impact on food insecurity among children (FI-C).

This study tested the impact of the Virginia 365 demonstration project on the food security status of children attending low-income schools.

A cluster-randomized trial was conducted from 2016 to 2017 with baseline and follow-up surveys.

Households with children who attended a treatment (n= 19) or control (n= 19) school in rural and urban Virginia were included.

Treatment schools became food hubs where children had access to free breakfast, lunch, and supper on school days, and a food backpack on weekends and school breaks. Control schools implemented a similar, but less robust set of benefits.

The primary outcome was the percentage of children classified as FI-C as measured by the US Department of Agriculture Household Fooh children has both positive and negative impacts on child and household food insecurity.

Although the distinction in nutrition assistance benefits between treatment and control schools was less than planned, providing a suite of school-based nutrition assistance programs targeted broadly to low-income households with children has both positive and negative impacts on child and household food insecurity.

To reduce childhood hunger, the US Department of Agriculture funded a set of demonstration projects, including the Nevada Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids (HHFK) project.

The study objective was to test whether the Nevada HHFK project reduced child food insecurity (FI-C) among low-income households with young children.

Households were randomly assigned to treatment and control groups, with outcomes measured using household surveys and administrative data. Survey data were collected at baseline (n=3,088) and follow-up (n=2,074) 8 to 12 months into the project.

Eligible households in Las Vegas, NV, had children under age 5 years, received Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits, and had incomes below 75% of the federal poverty level.

Between June 2016 and May 2017, treatment households on SNAP received an additional $40 in monthly SNAP benefits per child under age 5 years.

Key outcomes included FI-C (primary), food security among adults and households, and food expenditures (secondary).

in determining how increases in SNAP benefits affect food insecurity. CLINICALTRIALS.

NCT04253743 (http//www.clinicaltrials.gov) FUNDING/SUPPORT This article is published as part of a supplement supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service.

NCT04253743 (http//www.clinicaltrials.gov) FUNDING/SUPPORT This article is published as part of a supplement supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service.

The main objective of this study is to determine if our unit meets the quality standards required by the scientific community from the reference centers for pancreatic surgery in terms of peri-operative results. The secondary objectives are to compare the different pancreatic surgery techniques performed in terms of early post-operative morbidity and mortality and to analyze the impact of the resections added in these terms.

Descriptive, retrospective and single-center study, corresponding to the period 2006-2019. GSK 3 inhibitor The results obtained were compared with the proposed quality standards, by Bassi et al. and Sabater et al., required from the reference centers in pancreatic surgery. The sample was divided according to surgical technique and compared in terms of early post-operative morbidity and mortality, studying the impact of extended vascular and visceral resections. All patients undergoing pancreatic surgery in our unit due to pancreatic, malignant and benign pathology were included, since it was implemented as a reference center. Emergency procedures were excluded.

631 patients were analyzed. The values ??obtained in the quality standards are in range. The most frequent surgery was cephalic duodenopancreatectomy, which associated higher peri-operative morbidity and mortality rates (p≤0.05). The extended vascular resections impacted the cephalic duodenopancreatectomy group, associating a longer mean stay (p=0.01) and a higher rate of re-interventions (p=0.02).

The experience accumulated allows to meet the required quality standards, as well as perform extended resections to pancreatectomy with good results in terms of post-operative morbi-mortality.

The experience accumulated allows to meet the required quality standards, as well as perform extended resections to pancreatectomy with good results in terms of post-operative morbi-mortality.Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) B″-family subunits have Ca2+-binding EF-hand motifs and can bind PP2A substrates. Arabidopsis thaliana PP2A B″-family subunits are encoded by six genes, and bind a transcription factor, VIP1. VIP1 is dephosphorylated and nuclear-localized by hypo-osmotic stress. However, whether PP2A B″-family subunits mediate the VIP1 dephosphorylation is unclear. Here, we show by yeast two-hybrid and in vitro pull down assays that Arabidopsis PP2A B″-family subunits bind Arabidopsis PP2A A (scaffold) subunits. We also show that VIP1 dephosphorylation in vitro can be induced by a PP2A B″-family subunit.The ongoing COVID-19 epidemic highlights the need for effective tools capable of predicting the onset of infection outbreaks at their early stages. The tracing of confirmed cases and the prediction of the local dynamics of contagion through early indicators are crucial measures to a successful fight against emerging infectious diseases (EID). The proposed framework is model-free and applies Early Warning Detection Systems (EWDS) techniques to detect changes in the territorial spread of infections in the very early stages of onset. This study uses publicly available raw data on the spread of SARS-CoV-2 mainly sourced from the database of the Italian Civil Protection Department. Two distinct EWDS approaches, the Hub-Jones (H&J) and Strozzi-Zaldivar (S&Z), are adapted and applied to the current SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. They promptly generate warning signals and detect the onset of an epidemic at early surveillance stages even if working on the limited daily available, open-source data. Additionally, EWDS S&Z criterion is theoretically validated on the basis of the epidemiological SIR. Discussed EWDS successfully analyze self-accelerating systems, like the SARS-CoV-2 scenario, to precociously identify an epidemic spread through the calculation of onset parameters. This approach can also facilitate early clustering detection, further supporting common fight strategies against the spread of EIDs. Overall, we are presenting an effective tool based on solid scientific and methodological foundations to be used to complement medical actions to contrast the spread of infections such as COVID-19.To monitor local and global COVID-19 outbreaks, and to plan containment measures, accessible and comprehensible decision-making tools need to be based on the growth rates of new confirmed infections, hospitalization or case fatality rates. Growth rates of new cases form the empirical basis for estimates of a variety of reproduction numbers, dimensionless numbers whose value, when larger than unity, describes surging infections and generally worsening epidemiological conditions. Typically, these determinations rely on noisy or incomplete data gained over limited periods of time, and on many parameters to estimate. This paper examines how estimates from data and models of time-evolving reproduction numbers of national COVID-19 infection spread change by using different techniques and assumptions. Given the importance acquired by reproduction numbers as diagnostic tools, assessing their range of possible variations obtainable from the same epidemiological data is relevant. We compute control reproduction numbers from Swiss and Italian COVID-19 time series adopting both data convolution (renewal equation) and a SEIR-type model. Within these two paradigms we run a comparative analysis of the possible inferences obtained through approximations of the distributions typically used to describe serial intervals, generation, latency and incubation times, and the delays between onset of symptoms and notification. Our results suggest that estimates of reproduction numbers under these different assumptions may show significant temporal differences, while the actual variability range of computed values is rather small.Fructan based biopolymers have been extensively characterized and explored for their potential applications. Linear chained biopolymers, like levan-type fructan, have gained attention because they have exhibited unconventional stretchable and unbendable properties along with biodegradable and biocompatible nature. Current study deals with the chemical characterization and cytotoxic analysis of fructose based exopolysaccharide that was extracellularly produced by an indigenously isolated bacterial species (Zymomonas mobilis KIBGE-IB14). Maximum yield of exopolysaccharide (44.7 gL-1) was attained after 72 h of incubation at 30 °C under shaking conditions (180 rpm) when the culture medium was supplemented with 150.0 gL-1 of sucrose as a sole carbon source. This exopolysaccharide displayed high water solubility index (96.0%) with low water holding capacity (17.0%) and an intrinsic viscosity of about 0.447 dL g-1. This biopolymer exhibited a characteristic linear homopolysaccharide structure of levan when characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, TOCSY and NOESY) while, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) revealed its pointed and thorny structure. The decomposition temperature of levan was approximately 245 °C as revealed by Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) results revealed its amorphous nature with crystalline phase. Cytotoxicity of different concentrations of levan was investigated against mouse fibroblast cell lines by measuring their cellular metabolic activity and it was noticed that a higher concentration of levan (2.0 mg ml-1) permitted the normal cell growth of NIH/3T3 cell lines. This non-cytotoxic and biocompatible nature suggests that this levan has the capability to be utilized in food and drug-based formulations as it exhibited biomedical potential.

Data regarding French physicians' alcohol behaviours are scarce and most studies address this issue within the population of either medical students or residents. We aim to describe and assess the prevalence of hazardous alcohol consumption among French physicians.

A regional, cross-sectional, survey was conducted in 2018 using an online questionnaire among Parisian general practitioners and hospital doctors. Hazardous alcohol consumption was defined by an Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score ≥ 8. Data were analysed in 2020.

Five hundred fifteen physicians completed the survey 108 general practitioners and 407 hospital physicians. The median age was 40 years [32-55] and 59 % were women. They considered their physical and mental health as average or bad in 10 % and 8% of cases, respectively. The prevalence of hazardous alcohol consumption was 12.6 %. Among the 65 physicians with hazardous alcohol consumption, 27 (41.5 %) did not considered it as risky and four (6.2 %) mentioned a potentially negative impact on patients' care.