Refsgaardirwin3741

Amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition is a feature of Alzheimer disease (AD) and may be promoted by exogenous factors, such as ambient air quality.

To examine the association between the likelihood of amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) scan positivity and ambient air quality in individuals with cognitive impairment.

This cross-sectional study used data from the Imaging Dementia-Evidence for Amyloid Scanning Study, which included more than 18 000 US participants with cognitive impairment who received an amyloid PET scan with 1 of 3 Aβ tracers (fluorine 18 [18F]-labeled florbetapir, 18F-labeled florbetaben, or 18F-labeled flutemetamol) between February 16, 2016, and January 10, 2018. A sample of older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia was selected.

Air pollution was estimated at the patient residence using predicted fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ground-level ozone (O3) concentrations from the Environmental Protection Agency Downscaler model. Air quality was estimated at 2002 to 2ared to be associated with brain Aβ plaques. These findings suggest the need to consider airborne toxic pollutants associated with Aβ pathology in public health policy decisions and to inform individual lifetime risk of developing AD and dementia.

This study found that higher PM2.5 concentrations appeared to be associated with brain Aβ plaques. These findings suggest the need to consider airborne toxic pollutants associated with Aβ pathology in public health policy decisions and to inform individual lifetime risk of developing AD and dementia.This study explores the possible effects of the current corona pandemic and the ensuing measures on parental oral care behaviour, particularly during the lockdown period. Moreover, this study examines to what extent these effects differ according to the educational level of the parents. In total, 120 parents of children aged 4-5 years completed a digital questionnaire about parental oral care behaviour. The results show that during the coronavirus lockdown, 26% of parents skipped toothbrushing more often in the morning, 44% let their child snack more often, and 22% let their child drink sweetened drinks more often. In addition, parents with a high educational level skipped tooth brushing in the morning more often than parents with a low educational level. In contrast, parents with a low educational level skipped toothbrushing more often in the evening than parents with a high educational level. The results of this small study suggest that the coronavirus lockdown affected parental oral care behaviour.A sensation of dry mouth can be determined with a general questionnaire, the Xerostomia Inventory (XI). This questionnaire, however, does not distinguish among regional differences of oral dryness. In this study, therefore, a new questionnaire was evaluated, the Regional Oral Dryness Inventory (RODI), quantifying the severity of dryness in various intraoral locations. 337 patients participated in this study with an average age of 54 ± 17 years. It appeared there is a significant difference in the sensation of dry mouth between different intraoral locations; the perceived dryness scored highest for the posterior palate and lowest for the floor of the mouth. Introduction of the RODI might help to discriminate among different potential causes of oral dryness in patients. The RODI is highly accessible and easy to carry out in dental practices during routine clinical assessment.A 64-year-old man has deep caries in tooth 37 without acute pain; extraction is indicated, however. According to his list of medications, he takes the antithrombotics apixaban and clopidogrel. Or a 78-year-old woman has upper and lower dentures that don't function well, and she experiences retention problems. Implant-bearing upper and lower dentures on 4 and 2 implants, respectively, are indicated. The patient takes acenocoumarol and reports that the clotting time value of her blood (INR) sometimes fluctuates. The clinical guidelines 'Dental procedures in patients using antithrombotic medication', which recently appeared, offer oral healthcare providers recommendations for reducing the risk of bleeding while observing the risk of thrombosis. These guidelines by the Dutch Institute of Expertise for Oral Healthcare replace the previous guidelines from 2012. The recommendations are up to date with current practice in the Netherlands and take into account all antithrombotics patients may currently use in an outpatient setting. Furthermore, the responsibilities of the oral healthcare providers and the agreements with thrombosis services are formalised in these guidelines.The clinical guidelines on antithrombotics, published by the Dutch Institute of Expertise for Oral Healthcare, give advice on policy to be followed in cases of dental procedures involving bleeding. The guidelines allow room for professional assessment of bleeding risks, for which background knowledge about haemostasis, thrombosis and antithrombotic processes is necessary. Normal haemostasis can be divided in several steps vasoconstriction, primary haemostasis by aggregation of thrombocytes, and secondary haemostasis by the formation of fibrin out of coagulation factors. In the case of thrombosis, a blood clot forms inside a blood vessel, causing obstruction of blood flow to the underlying tissue. Various antithrombotics are prescribed for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis. Thrombocyte aggregation inhibitors only have an effect on primary haemostasis. Vitamin K antagonists influence secondary haemostasis by lowering the production of several coagulation factors. The direct oral anticoagulants have an immediate effect on an activated coagulation factor, and are currently prescribed in large quantities [in the Netherlands]. Low-molecular-weight heparin also inhibits activated coagulation factors, but is not used for long-term antithrombotic therapy since it is administrated subcutaneously.There are various types of dental root resorption. Local external apical root resorption is often recognised after orthodontic therapy. However, a generalised form is rare. 3 patients with the rare dental condition 'idiopathic generalised apical external root resorption' were referred and treated within an 8-year period. The prognosis of preserving the dentition is for the most part unfavourable and only a very speculative prediction about (the pace of) progression can be given. No standard treatment protocol is available for this condition. A dental treatment plan should be flexible and individually adjusted to patient's wishes.To assess the whitening effect of whitening toothpastes, their ingredients were studied. These toothpastes turned out to have an influence articularly on the extrinsic discoloration of teeth caused by staining. To a large extent, the effectiveness of the whitening toothpastes relies on removing these extrinsic stains, preventing new stains from developing and on certain optical effects. The intrinsic colour of the teeth themselves is not, however, effected.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are the second most common cause of chronic pain in the human musculoskeletal system. The triad of symptoms of TMD includes pain within the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), limitation of its mobility and capitations. The aim of the study was to present the methods of physiotherapy and to assess its effectiveness in patients with hypomobility of temporomandibular joints.

44 patients (40.2 ± 10.6 years) were examined for signs of TMD using the Manual Functional Analysis of masticatory system (MFA) questionnaire due to DC/TMD. In the above group, 20 patients showed hypomobility of TMJs and myofascial pain. They underwent a 3-week physiotherapy consisting of manual therapy and exercises. In the study group, linear measurements of TMJs mobility and palpation of selected masticatory muscles were performed. Pain was assessed before and after 3 weeks of therapy according to Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). Statistical processing of the data was done with STATISTICA 13 and was conducted considering significance at a p-value <0.05.

Significant improvement in TMJ's mobility, which increased on average by 6.6 mm (p = 0.0005) and reducing of pain, a decrease of 3 points on average on the NRS Scale (p = 0.00002) were achieved.

The applied physiotherapy algorithm, including manual therapy and exercises of masticatory muscles, is effective in the case of improvement TMJ's range of motion and reduction of pain in patients with hypomobility of TMJ's.

The applied physiotherapy algorithm, including manual therapy and exercises of masticatory muscles, is effective in the case of improvement TMJ's range of motion and reduction of pain in patients with hypomobility of TMJ's.

OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) is a common method of assessing clinical skills used at many universities. An important and at the same time difficult aspect of good examination preparation is obtaining a properly trained and well-motivated group of assessors. To effectively recruit and maintain cooperation with assessors, it is worth to know their opinion. The aim of this study was to investigate the opinions of teacher-examiners about OSCE and to identify the factors that could shape this opinion and influence on motivation.

A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire on teachers who participated as OSCE examiners. This questionnaire consisted of 21 questions about their perceptions. see more Answers were rated in a five-point Likert-type scale. Chi-square or Fisher's exact test was used to analyze the data.

A total of 49 (out of 52) teachers participated in this study. Nearly 90% of examiners believed that it is fair, more than 90% that it is transparent. Despite the fact that 67% of examiners believe the examination is difficult to organize and 71% believe it is stressful for students, according to 72% of respondents the OSCE has a positive effect on learning. More than 91% of examiners believed that the OSCE is an appropriate test to assess students' skills. Opinions about examination were independent of specialty, seniority, gender or taking the OSCE as students.

Teacher-examiners viewed the OSCE as a fair and transparent examination, adequate for assessment of skills and, despite it being difficult to organize, worth doing as it is appropriate to assess practical skills and positively influences students' motivation to learn tested skills.

Teacher-examiners viewed the OSCE as a fair and transparent examination, adequate for assessment of skills and, despite it being difficult to organize, worth doing as it is appropriate to assess practical skills and positively influences students' motivation to learn tested skills.

Cholecystolithiasis is one of the most frequent disorders of the human digestive system in a present population. It is common to point out that male gender is one of strong risk factors for complications during cholecystectomy, however the debate about that seems to be still open.

The aim of this study was to compare the values related to the course and treatment effects between gender in patients undergoing cholecystectomy, based on own material.

The study encompassed 504 patients who were admitted to General Surgery And Polytraumatic Injury Department of University Hospital in Kraków, Poland between 2013 and 2018, with the initial diagnosis of cholecystolithiasis (scheduled cases) and acute cholecystitis (emergency cases). The patients underwent surgical gallbladder removal. In this group there were 326 (64.7%) female and 178 (35.3%) male patients.

Statistically significant differences between both genders were found containing age, type of admission, numeric rating scale of pain during admission, results in American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification system, outcomes in Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II severity-of-disease classification system, percentage of conversions, mortality, period of time from admission to surgical procedure, mean duration of the procedure, blood tests and histopathological results.