Reesedam9718

Introduction. Bacterial dysentery is one of the greatest causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Campylobacter spp. and diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) are recognised as the most common causes of bacterial enteritis in developing countries including India.Hypothesis/Gap statement. Rapid and accurate identification of dysentery causing organisms using molecular methods is essential for better disease management, epidemiology and outbreak investigations.Aim. In view of the limited information available on the dysentery causing agents like Campylobacter spp., enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)/enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)/Shigella in India, this study was undertaken to investigate the presence of these pathogens in human and poultry stool samples by molecular methods.Methodology. find more In total, 400 human stool samples and 128 poultry samples were studied. Microaerophilic culture along with real-time multiplex PCR with the targets specific to the genus Campylobacter, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, EHEC, EPEC and EIEC/Shigella was performed. Further species confirmation was done using MALDI-TOF MS.Results. On microaerophilic culture, C. coli was isolated in one human sample and two C. jejuni and one C. fetus in poultry samples. On PCR analysis, among human stool samples, typical EPEC (42%) was predominantly seen followed by Campylobacter spp. (19%) and EIEC/Shigella (10%). In contrast, Campylobacter spp. (41%) was predominant in poultry samples, followed by typical EPEC (26%) and EIEC/Shigella (9%). Poly-infections with Campylobacter spp. and DEC were also observed among both sources.Conclusion. The present study documented the increased prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in humans compared with the results of previous studies from India. Typical EPEC was found to be predominant in children less than 5 years of age in this study. The high prevalence of coinfections in the current study indicates that a multiple aetiology of diarrhoea is common in our settings.Introduction. Mycoplasma hominis is a bacterium belonging to the class Mollicutes. It causes acute and chronic infections of the urogenital tract. The main features of this bacterium are an absence of cell wall and a reduced genome size (517-622 protein-encoding genes). Previously, we have isolated morphologically unknown M. hominis colonies called micro-colonies (MCs) from the serum of patients with inflammatory urogenital tract infection.Hypothesis. MCs are functionally different from the typical colonies (TCs) in terms of metabolism and cell division.Aim. To determine the physiological differences between MCs and TCs of M. hominis and elucidate the pathways of formation and growth of MCs by a comparative proteomic analysis of these two morphological forms.Methodology. LC-MS proteomic analysis of TCs and MCs using an Ultimate 3000 RSLC nanoHPLC system connected to a QExactive Plus mass spectrometer.Results. The study of the proteomic profiles of M. hominis colonies allowed us to reconstruct their energy metC cells demonstrate a reorganisation of energy metabolism unlike TC cells, they preferably utilise deoxyribonucleosides, particularly thymidine, as an energy source rather than arginine or ribonucleosides. Thus MC cells enter a state of energy starvation, which helps them to survive under stress, and in particular, to be resistant to antibiotics.Background. Host genetic factors influence both susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and immune responses generated by vaccination. Genetically susceptible mice help to study mechanisms of immune protection which may differ from those operating in more resistant models.Methods. In this work, we compared the efficacy of protection conferred by subcutaneous vaccination of hypersusceptible I/St mice with BCG and the first-generation, hygromycin resistant version of the vaccine candidate BCGΔBCG1419c, against tuberculosis (TB), measured as survival, weight loss and replication in lungs. We further characterized the relative presence of immune cells in lungs.Results. We found that in I/St mice, vaccination with BCG or BCGΔBCG1419c provided similar level of protection against TB-driven weight loss and M. tuberculosis replication in lungs, while prolonging median survival time compared with unvaccinated controls. Despite affording similar protection to parental BCG, BCGΔBCG1419c led to a reduced presence of macrophages in lungs during early TB and to an increased neutrophil recruitment to the lungs during chronic TB.Conclusions. BCGΔBCG1419c protects I/St mice in a different manner than wild-type BCG against pulmonary TB by promoting different influx of macrophages and neutrophils at distinct times post-infection. These findings prompt us to suggest that preclinical evaluation of novel TB vaccine candidates should include evaluation of efficacy not only in commonly used resistant inbred mice, but also in susceptible hosts, to further determine their potential application to populations varying in their genetic. This would likely impact their intended use depending on host resistance or susceptibility to TB.

The most important complication in kidney transplant is acute/chronic rejection. In this study, we investigated the factors affecting kidney rejection and transplant survival.

In this survival analysis study, 352 patients (mean follow-up of 12.9 ± 4.4 years) who underwent renal biopsy due to increased creatinine level from 2012 to 2016 were identified by glomerular filtration rate level and rejection. Probable factors affecting renal function and survival rate after transplant rejection were assessed. P < .05 was considered as significant.

Among our study patients, 40.9% developed early and 59.1% developed late acute kidney injury. Graft survival rates at 1 and 5 years were 98.9% and 68.5%, respectively, which was significant when rejection type was considered (P = .002). In addition, patient survival rates at 1 and 5 years were 99.7% and 98.6%, respectively. Graft survival at 5 years was significantly lower among older subjects, those with diabetes, those who received deceased donor organs, and thos since this study showed that patients who received rabbit antithymocyte globulin induction had better outcomes.

Ischemia is defined as the inability of the tissue to provide oxygen and other metabolites by the circulation and the removal of residual products. The University of Wisconsin solution is widely used to preserve ischemia and to preserve organs for transplant. Ozone is used in various areas of ischemia damage due to its antioxidant properties. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of ozone added to University of Wisconsin solution on perfused liver preservation injury.

Our study included 24 Sprague Dawley rats with an average weight of 300 to 350 g. Animals were divided into 4 groups group 1 (Ringer lactate), group 2 (Ringer lactate + ozone), group 3 (University of Wisconsin solution), and group 4 (University of Wisconsin + ozone). Solutions were perfused from the liver portal vein and aorta. After perfusion, rats were killed and liver biopsies were taken at 0, 6, and 12 hours of storage for pathological examination. For biochemical analysis, samples were collected from liver specimen storage solutions at 0, 6, and 12 hours.

Mean alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase levels in group 3 were 77/82 U/L at hour 0, 680/461 U/L at hour 6, and 1027/682 U/L at hour 12. In group 4, these levels were 35/31 U/L at hour 0, 415/295 U/L at hour 6, and 546/372 U/L at hour 12.

In terms of liver function values, we observed favorable result with University of Wisconsin solution with added ozone. Therefore, we suggest that the addition of ozone to the University of Wisconsin solution may be effective in preventing liver preservation damage.

In terms of liver function values, we observed favorable result with University of Wisconsin solution with added ozone. Therefore, we suggest that the addition of ozone to the University of Wisconsin solution may be effective in preventing liver preservation damage.

Cardiac troponin is a highly specific biomarker of myocardial injury that is of prognostic significance in a range of cardiovascular diseases. However, the prognostic value of elevated troponin in cardiac transplant recipients is uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of elevated cardiac troponin in predicting adverse recipient outcomes following heart transplant.

We searched MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), and the Cochrane Library from inception until December 2020 and included studies reporting associations between elevated recipient troponin and outcomes after cardiac transplant. We generated summary odds ratios for associations with short- and long-term adverse events and used descriptive analyses where meta-analyses were inappropriate.

We included 15 studies involving 1830 patients undergoing cardiac transplant. The risk of primary graft failure was greater in recipients with elevated troponin than in those without (odds ratio = 3.09; 95% CI, 1.08-8.87). Considerable interstudy heterogeneity (I2 statistic 98%) was partially explained by variations in study design, troponin subtype, and overall risk of bias. Descriptive analyses suggested associations between elevated recipient troponin and long-term adverse cardiac events, coronary artery disease, and mortality.

Elevated cardiac troponin in cardiac transplant recipients may be prognostic for primary graft failure, adverse cardiac events, coronary artery disease, and mortality. Further high-quality, prospective, and multicenter research is needed to demonstrate the clinical applicability of these findings.

Elevated cardiac troponin in cardiac transplant recipients may be prognostic for primary graft failure, adverse cardiac events, coronary artery disease, and mortality. Further high-quality, prospective, and multicenter research is needed to demonstrate the clinical applicability of these findings.

Many studies have revealed the role of Epstein-Barr virus infection, in combination with chronic immunosuppression, as the main factor in the development of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder malignancy. Although many studies have been published on other confounding factors involved in posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders, the role of coinfection with both cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus has not been investigated. We evaluated the role of cytomegalovirus infection as a risk factor in transplant recipients who were simultaneously infected with Epstein-Barr virus.

In the current retrospective study, 143 recipients of various solid-organ transplants at Namazi Hospital from April 2018 to March 2019 were assessed for coinfection with cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus with the TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. We collected clinical and pathology details from their medical records.

Of the 143 patients, 81 (57%) were male. Children under 5 years old were the largest e as a strong predictive factor of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder in solidorgan transplant recipients.In recent years, the population of patients implanted with a left ventricular assist device has been increasing. Ventricular arrhythmias are the most interesting and most deadly complications among patients with these implants. Ventricular arrhythmias may cause cardiovascular collapse and death in some cases, whereas they may be asymptomatic or less symptomatic in others. In the case described here, we present the therapeutic approach to a patient with a left ventricular assist device who had ventricular fibrillation and the pathophysiology of his clinical condition.