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Astragalus membranaceus (A. membranaceus) is a type of traditional Chinese medicine with a long history of clinical application. It is used in the improvement and treatment of various diseases as medicine and food to invigorate the spleen and replenish qi. The main components of A. membranaceus are Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), flavonoids compounds, saponins compounds, alkaloids, etc. APS is the most important natural active component in A. membranaceus, and possesses multiple pharmacological properties. At present, APS possess the huge potential to develop a drug improving or treating different diseases. In this review, we reveal the potential approaches of pre-treating and preparation on APS as much as possible and the study on content of APS and its chemical composition including different monosaccharides. More importantly, this paper summarize pharmacological actions on immune regulation, such as enhancing the immune organ index, promoting the proliferation of immune cells, stimulating the release of cytokines, and affecting the secretion of immunoglobulin and conduction of immune signals; anti-aging; anti-tumor by enhancing immunity, inducing apoptosis of tumor cells and inhibiting the proliferation and transfer of tumor cells; antiviral effects; regulation of blood glucose such as type I diabetes mellitus, type II diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications; lipid-lowering; anti-fibrosis; antimicrobial activities and anti-radiation. It provided theoretical basis for the further research such as its structure and mechanism of action, and clinical application of APS. Copyright © 2020 Zheng, Ren, Zhang, Zhang, Liu and Liu.Postmenopausal osteoporosis is caused by the deficiency of estrogen, which breaks bone homeostasis and induces levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Muscone is a potent anti-inflammatory agent and is used to treat bone fracture in traditional Chinese medicine. However, its anti-osteoclastogenic effects remain unclear. For in vitro study, morphology tests of osteoclastogenesis were firstly performed. And then, factors in RANK-induced NF-κB and MAPK pathways were examined by RT-PCR and Western blot, and the binding of TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF)6 to RANK was inspected by coimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence staining. For in vivo experiments, C57BL/6 ovariectomized (OVX) mice were used for detection, including H&E staining, TRAP staining, and micro CT. As a result, muscone reduced OVX-induced bone loss in mice and osteoclast differentiation in vitro, by inhibiting TRAF6 binding to RANK, and then suppressed NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. The expression of the downstream biomarkers was finally inhibited, including NFATc1, CTR, TRAP, cathepsin K, and MMP-9. The inflammatory factors, TNF-a and IL-6, were also reduced by muscone. Taken together, muscone inhibited the binding of TRAF6 to RANK induced by RANKL, thus blocking NF-kB and MAPK pathways, and down-regulating related gene expression. Finally, muscone inhibited osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast function by blocking RANK-TRAF6 binding, as well as downstream signaling pathways in vitro. Muscone also reduced ovariectomy-induced bone loss in vivo. Copyright © 2020 Zhai, Yan, Zhao, Chen, Yang, Cai, He, Huang, Li, Yang, Zhou, Zhao, Wei, Bai and Li.Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic inflammatory disease, and the rapidly increasing DM is becoming a major problem of global public health. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history of treating diabetes. It has been developed and utilized because of its good efficacy and no toxic side effects. Lobelia chinensis is a traditional whole grass herbal. With the continuous deepening of pharmacological research on TCM, the active ingredients of L. chinensis are continuously revealed, which contained the alkaloids, flavonoids, flavonoid glycosides and amino acids that have the good effects of anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and anti-diabetic. In order to further explore the targets of active ingredients and its anti-diabetic mechanism, a feasible network pharmacology analysis model based on chemical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacological data was developed by network construction method to clarify the anti-diabetic mechanism of L. chinensis. The present study conducted by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC/MS), which identified 208 metabolites of L. chinensis, of which 23 ingredients may have effective pharmacological effects after absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) screening. Network pharmacological analysis on the active ingredients revealed that 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in L. chinensis affects the insulin resistance signaling pathway by acting on GSK3B, TNF, and MAPK1, acacetin affects the diabetic pathway by acting on INSR, DPP4, and GSK3B, that regulate type 2 diabetes, non-insulin-dependent DM, and inflammatory diseases. These results successfully indicated the potential anti-diabetic mechanism of the active ingredients of L. Chaetocin nmr chinensis. Copyright © 2020 Ge, Chen, Yuan, Liu, Feng, Lv, Ma, Chen and Yao.Hypertension is a clinical cardiovascular syndrome characterized by elevated systemic arterial pressure with or without multiple cardiovascular risk factors. Radix Pueraria (RP) has the effects of anti-myocardial ischemia, anti-arrhythmia, vasodilatation, blood pressure reduction, anti-inflammation, and attenuating insulin resistance. Although RP can be effective for the treatment of hypertension, its active compounds, drug targets, and exact molecular mechanism are still unclear. In this study, systems pharmacology was used to analyze the active compounds, drug target genes, and key pathways of RP in the treatment of hypertension. Thirteen active compounds and related information on RP were obtained from the TCMSP database, and 140 overlapping genes related to hypertension and drugs were obtained from the GeneCards and OMIM databases. A PPI network and a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) comprehensive network (Drug-Compounds-Genes-Disease network) were constructed, and 2,246 GO terms and 157 pathways were obtained by GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Some important active compounds and targets were evaluated by in vitro experiments. This study shows that RP probably acts by influencing the proliferation module, apoptosis module, inflammation module, and others when treating hypertension. This study provides novel insights for researchers to systematically explore the mechanism of action of TCM. Copyright © 2020 Wu, Yang, Liu, Yin, Gong and Zhu.