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The high RGR at suboptimal N supply suggest a higher nitrogen use efficiency (biomass/N supply). The reasons for the homeostasis of growth under suboptimal N levels are discussed.Consensual sharing of personal sexually explicit imagery (SEI) is part of young people's sexual practise; however, harms arise if content is shared without consent. Australians aged 15-29 years were recruited for an online survey. Participants indicated if they had ever sent SEI of themselves to someone else, received SEI directly from the person in the imagery and whether they thought it was illegal to forward SEI without consent. Participants reported whether anyone shared their SEI without permission, if they told people, made official reports or if there were consequences for perpetrator(s). Logistic regression was used to identify associations between victimisation, gender, age group, sexual identity and knowledge of SEI-related law. In total, 1007 participants (65% female, mean age 23 years, 67% heterosexual) were recruited; 63% sent personal SEI to another person, 71% received SEI from the person pictured and 77% correctly identified it is illegal to forward SEI without consent. Thirteen percent (n = 126) indicated another person forwarded personal SEI without consent. In univariate analysis, victimisation was associated with identifying as non-heterosexual (odds ratio = 1.51, confidence interval = 1.03-2.22), but was independent from age group, gender and knowledge. In multivariate analysis, sexual identity, age group, gender and knowledge were not significantly associated with victimisation. Among participants who experienced non-consensual sharing of personal SEI, 63% told friends, 10% told family, 93% made no official report and 94% reported no consequences for perpetrator(s). Initiatives are needed to promote legal rights and enable young people to seek support.BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) during pregnancy is associated with increased respiratory morbidities and risk for chronic lung disease after preterm birth. However, the direct effects of maternal VDD on perinatal lung structure and function and whether maternal VDD increases the susceptibility of lung injury due to hyperoxia are uncertain. OBJECTIVE To determine whether maternal VDD is sufficient to impair lung structure and function and whether VDD increases the impact of hyperoxia (HX) on the developing rat lung. DESIGN/METHODS 4-week-old rats were fed VDD chow and housed in UV-A/B shielded room to achieve 25-OHD levels less then 10 ng/ml at mating and throughout lactation. Lung structure was assessed at 2 weeks for radial alveolar counts (RAC), mean linear intercepts (MLI), pulmonary vessel density (PVD), and lung function (lung compliance and resistance). The effects of HX for 2 weeks after birth were assessed after exposure to FiO2, 0.95. CM272 cell line RESULTS At 2 weeks, VDD offspring have decreased alveolar and vascular growth, abnormal airways reactivity and lung function. Impaired lung structure and function in VDD offspring was similar to that observed in control rats exposed to postnatal hyperoxia alone. CONCLUSIONS Maternal VDD causes sustained abnormalities of distal lung growth, increases in airways hyper-reactivity and abnormal lung mechanics during infancy. These changes in VDD pups were as severe as those measured after exposure to postnatal HX alone. We speculate that antenatal disruption of VD signaling increases the risk for late childhood respiratory disease.Purpose To determine the most effective intervention for adults with social communication impairments due to an Acquired Brain Injury (ABI), using standardised outcome measures completed by significant others.Method A systematic literature review was conducted. Four electronic databases relevant to the field of speech-language pathology or brain injury were searched Medline, CINAHL, AMED and Embase. Grey literature, reference lists and citation indexes were also hand searched for additional research. Studies that met the broad inclusion and exclusion criteria were initially screened to determine articles for full text reviews by two independent reviewers. Reviewers independently extracted data from full-text reviews using a data extraction form and performed bias analysis using the Downs and Black quality checklist (Downs, S.H., & Black, N. (1998). The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions on efficacy of treatments and effectiveness of treatment is not yet established.Conclusion The current level of evidence is not yet established to make clear clinical guidelines on which interventions are most effective, based on significant others' reports. Further research is required, incorporating more rigorous study designs and larger sample sizes to enable accurate conclusions to be drawn.Purpose To investigate the effect of a knowledge translation intervention on knowledge and frequency of routine evidence-based assessment behaviours of healthcare professionals working with children with cerebral palsy.Methods A before-and-after longitudinal study was conducted in five disability organisations. Four organisations (Commencing Knowledge Translation group) implemented a multifaceted intervention knowledge brokers, targeted education, electronic-evidence library, and clinical outcomes database. These strategies were already in place at the fifth organisation (Comparison group). Outcomes evaluated at 0, 6, 12, and 24 months were health-professional knowledge and routine assessment behaviours (self-report and "completeness" of clinical assessment). Generalised estimating equations determined longitudinal changes.Results Four hundred and forty-seven professionals involved 861 children in the study. The Comparison group had higher knowledge and routine assessment behaviours at baseline. Professional interventions should be designed to address organisational barriers and enhance organisational supports.Interventions that target healthcare professionals' behaviour directly can be effective even if their knowledge does not change.