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RESULTS Openness was the main trait associated with cognitive performance; however, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Neuroticism were also independently associated with cognition. Age and gender did not consistently moderate personality-cognition in each sample, but the mini-metanalysis showed that gender moderated Conscientiousness-cognition associations. CONCLUSIONS We provided robust evidence of personality-cognition associations across the adult life span, which was not consistently moderated by age, but in part by gender. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.BACKGROUND A single institutional experience of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) to medically unfit patients with unresectable head and neck cancers (HNCs). METHODS A retrospective review of HNC patients undergoing SBRT was undertaken from 2011 to 2016 for fractionation ranges between 35 and 50 Gy in 4 to 6 fractions. RESULTS One hundred and fourteen patients with 117 SBRT courses were included with mean follow-up of 10.5 months. The cohort consisted of previously untreated primary HNC (n = 48), recurrent never irradiated HNC (n = 19), oligometastatic (n = 17) non-HNC primaries and previously irradiated HNC (n = 33). Local control (LC) at 12 months and median progression free survival was 85.8%, 78.2%, 85%, 78.9% (P = .86) and 23.7, 14.8, 10.5 and 7.8 months (P = .04) respectively. Only one patient had an acute grade 4 toxicity, two patients had grade 4 late toxicities. CONCLUSIONS HNC SBRT is an effective treatment for frail patients where longer LC is relevant but are unable to tolerate protracted radiation schedules. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Kidney transplantation is the optimal treatment for patients with kidney failure. A successful transplant offers better quality of life decreased hospitalizations and longer survival. However, the number of kidneys available for transplantation is limited, and the median wait time ranges from 2-8 years. Therefore, it is of major importance to optimize graft survival. Graft longevity requires that patients follow their medication regimen in terms of dosing and timing intake and practice self-management behaviors, such as attending doctor appointments and maintaining a healthy diet. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Drugs able to counteract progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) represent a largely unmet therapeutic need. Even though the pathogenesis of disease evolution is still obscure, accumulating evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a causative role in neurodegeneration and axonopathy in PMS patients. Here, we investigated the effects of dexpramipexole, a compound with a good safety profile in humans and able to sustain mitochondria functioning and energy production, in a mouse model of PMS. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Female Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice were immunized with MOG35-55 . Functional, immune and neuropathological parameters were analyzed during disease evolution in animals treated or not with dexpramipexole. The compound's effects on bioenergetics and neuroprotection were also evaluated in vitro. KEY RESULTS We found that oral treatment with dexpramipexole at a dose consistent with that well tolerated in humans delayed disability progression, extended survival, counteracted reduction of spinal cord mitochondrial DNA content and reduced spinal cord axonal loss of mice. Accordingly, the drug sustained in vitro bioenergetics of mouse optic nerve and dorsal root ganglia, and counteracted neurodegeneration of organotypic mouse cortical cultures exposed to the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-depleting agents oligomycin or veratridine. Dexpramipexole, however, was unable to affect the adaptive and innate immune responses both in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION The present findings corroborate the hypothesis that neuroprotective agents may be of relevance to counteract MS progression, and disclose the translational potential of dexpramipexole to treatment of PMS patients as a stand-alone or adjunctive therapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Despite the impact of Parkinson disease (PD) on speech communication, there is no consensus regarding the effect of lead location on voice-related outcomes in subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS). OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship of stimulation location to changes in cepstral analyses of voice following STN DBS. METHODS Speech pathology evaluations were obtained from 14 PD subjects, before and after STN DBS, including audio-perceptual voice ratings (overall severity, loudness, hoarseness changes), measured indices of dysphonia (cepstral peak prominence and cepstral spectral index of dysphonia), and phonatory aerodynamics. The contact locations used for active stimulation at the time of postoperative voice evaluations were determined and assessed in relation to voice outcomes. RESULTS Voice outcomes remained relatively unchanged on average. Stimulation locations in the anterior portion of the sensorimotor region of the left STN, however, were associated with improvements in voice severity scores, cepstral spectral index of dysphonia, shortness of breath, and phonatory airflow during connected speech. Posterior locations were associated with worsening of these outcomes. Variation in the medial-lateral or dorsal-ventral position on the left, and in any direction on the right, did not correlate with any voice outcome. CONCLUSION Active contact placement within the anterior sensorimotor STN was associated with improved perceptual and acoustic-aerodynamic voice-related outcomes. These findings suggest an STN topography for improving airflow for speech, in turn improving how PD patients' voices sound. Copyright © 2020 by the Congress of Neurological Surgeons.Fibers are increasingly recognized as an indispensable part of our diet and vital for maintaining health. Notably, complex mixtures of fibers have been found to improve metabolic health. Following an analysis of the fiber content of plant-based products, we found the taproot of the chicory plant (Cichorium intybusL.) to be 1 of the vegetables with the highest fiber content, comprising nearly 90% of its dry weight. Chicory roots consist of a mixture of inulin, pectin, and (hemi-)cellulose and also contain complex phytochemicals, such as sesquiterpene lactones that have been characterized in detail. Nowaday, chicory roots are mainly applied as a source for the extraction of inulin, which is used as prebiotic fiber and food ingredient. Chicory roots, however, have long been consumed as a vegetable by humans. The whole root has been used for thousands of years for nutritional, medicinal, and other purposes, and it is still used in traditional dishes in various parts of the world. NT157 Here, we summarize the composition of chicory roots to explain their historic success in the human diet.