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Right intermedius bronchus was opened up and incision was extended in the direction of foreign body in 6 cases and left bronchus intermedius was opened in 4 cases. Haemoptysis was the main symptom in late presenters. Range of objects retrieved in our study was from pins, needles to whistles.
Retention causes endobronchial obstruction with stasis leading to irreversible damaged parenchyma. Foreign body with structural changes require resection, others can be offered bronchotomy which is a safe procedure for retained non retrievable foreign bodies.
Retention causes endobronchial obstruction with stasis leading to irreversible damaged parenchyma. Foreign body with structural changes require resection, others can be offered bronchotomy which is a safe procedure for retained non retrievable foreign bodies.
Measles, a virus borne droplet infection, is one of the leading causes of death among young children worldwide despite presence of a safe and cost-effective vaccine. Objective of our study was to identify the characteristics of measles patients admitted to Allied Hospitals, Rawalpindi.
This cross-sectional study was conducted amongst patients admitted with measles in paediatric units of Rawalpindi Medical College Allied Hospitals, Rawalpindi. A standard pro forma was used to collect data from the respondents.
A total of 55 patients (mean age-29.36 months) with measles were included in the i study. 65.5% children were vaccinated while 34.5% were not vaccinated. Among those vaccinated 14 were male. Out of the vaccinated children 52.6% were residents of middle class areas, 31.6% lower middle class area, 10.5% upper middle class areas and 5.3% rural areas. Noradrenaline bitartrate monohydrate solubility dmso In 55.0% of patients who were vaccinated with at least one dose of measles at nine month of age the estimated calendar months of vaccination was March toch, April and May.
Apparently normal looking patients after traumatic brain injury can have serious neurological deterioration, and one of the common causes of such deterioration is extradural haematomas. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of extradural hematoma and common types of trauma leading to it among patients presenting with skull fracture due to head injury.
This cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of Neurosurgery Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad from June 2011 to June 2012. All patients who were suspected to have Skull fracture on X-ray skull, during the study period, were included in study after informed consent and later on CT-Scan brain was done to see for extradural hematoma. Findings were recorded on a predesigned pro fonna including demographic data, radiological findings and the type of head trauma.
Out of 114 patients 85 (74.5%) were males and 29 (225.4%) were females. Age ranged from 2 to 70 years (18.23 +/- 16.5 years). Among these patients the most important cause of head injury was fall from height in 65 (57%), followed by road traffic accidents in 39 (34.2%), and assault in 10 (8.8%) patients. The most common site of fracture was parietal in 49 (43%) of patients, followed by frontal bone in 28 (24.6%) of patients, occipital bone in 24 (21.1%) of patients, and temporal bone in 23 (20.2%) of patients. Frequency of extradural hematoma among linear skull fracture was in 34 (29.8%) patients. Extradural hematoma was most common with parietotemporal linear skull fractures (73.5%).
Extradural haematoma occurs commonly with linear skull fractures, so patients with linear skull fracture should be properly evaluated with CT brain.
Extradural haematoma occurs commonly with linear skull fractures, so patients with linear skull fracture should be properly evaluated with CT brain.
Picrorhiza kurroa (Pk) is a traditional Ayurvedic herb famous as a potent bepatoprotective agent, only few studies are available on the nephroprotective activity of this herb. The objective of this pilot study was to determine the therapeutic effectiveness of Pk against nimesulide induced toxicity.
This laboratory based experimental study was conducted on mice at National Institute of Health, Islamabad from Dec 2012 to Jan 2013. The mice were divided in to 4 groups. One group was given only PK while the other three groups were given nimesulide in a dosage of 750 mg/kg body weight for 3 days to induce nephrotoxicity and protective effect of Pk was noted by giving 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg pk for 14 days to the two of the nimesulide induced nephrotoxicity groups. Biochemical assessment of kidney was done by measuring serum urea & creatinine. Also histology was done to confirm the findings of biochemical assessment.
In our pilot study out of 20 mice, 19 mice survived. Only 1 mouse of nimesulide group died. Mean serum urea of nimesulide group was 60 mg/dl and was decreased to 23 mg/dI and 25 mg/dl by two doses of Pk. Mean creatinine in group 2 was 0.55 mg/dl and was decreased to 0.21 and 0.19 mg/dl by two doses of Pk.
Our study shows that nimesulide is a potential nephrotoxic drug and its toxic effects on kidney can be minimized by using glycosidal extract of Pk.
Our study shows that nimesulide is a potential nephrotoxic drug and its toxic effects on kidney can be minimized by using glycosidal extract of Pk.
Insulin resistance is positively correlated with body iron. It is unclear whether iron is a cause or an outcome of insulin resistance. Insulin resistance precedes type 2 diabetes mellitus. Offspring of type 2 diabetics are insulin resistant as compared to those of the non-diabetics. The present study was designed to compare and correlate insulin resistance with iron parameters (including serum ferritin, transferrin saturation and blood haemoglobin) in non-diabetic offspring of type 2 diabetics and non-diabetic offspring of non-diabetics.
It was a cross-sectional study, conducted on one hundred and twenty male subjects 20-40 years of age. They were divided into two groups, each group having 60 subjects. Group A included non-diabetic offspring of type 2 diabetics, while Group B included non-diabetic offspring of non-diabetics. Fasting blood sample was taken and examined for glucose, haemoglobin, insulin, iron, TIBC and ferritin. Data was analysed by SPSS-17.
Insulin resistance and iron parameters were significantly higher (p<0.05) in non-diabetic offspring of type 2 diabetics as compared to those of the non-diabetics. There was significant positive correlation (p=0.027) between insulin resistance and serum iron in non-diabetic offspring of type 2 diabetics. There was also significant positive correlation between insulin resistance and serum iron, transferrin saturation and haemoglobin in non-diabetic offspring of non-diabetics.
Non-diabetic offspring of type 2 diabetics have iron load and insulin resistance, that predispose them to the development of type 2 diabetes.
Non-diabetic offspring of type 2 diabetics have iron load and insulin resistance, that predispose them to the development of type 2 diabetes.
Cataract extraction is the most commonly offered treatment for cataract. This is done surgically by a number of methods which include extracapsular cataract extraction and phacoemulsification. This study was done to assess the rate of posterior capsule rupture as a complication of resident performed cataract extraction procedures.
It is a descriptive case series conducted from 1st March to 1st April 2014 at Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, a tertiary care hospital. Cataract extraction procedures were done by first to fourth year residents. The surgical procedures done were extracapsular cataract extraction, phacoemulsification and lens matter aspiration.
A total of 577 cases were operated, 307 males and 270 females. Out of which 336 were right eyes and 241 left eyes. The patients were in the age range 17-80 years. Only 61 out of 577 cases had posterior capsular rent. In phacoemulsification rate of posterior capsular rent was 29% and in extracapsular cataract extraction 69%. According to the year of residenc the skill and expertise of the surgeon, being high for second year residents as compared to third and fourth year residents.
Ameloblastoma is the most common and a clinically significant odontogenic tumour. The diagnosis and sub classification of ameloblastoma have been traditionally relied on histological assessment, but it is still a subject of debate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immuno-expression of Twist in various subtypes of ameloblastomas and their corelation with various histological variants.
This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore between June to December 2013. Thirty cases of various types of Ameloblastomas were included in this study. Histological sub-classification of the tumours was performed based on WHO classification. Twist expression of these tumours was estimated by immunohistochemistry, performed on paraffin sections.
Out of these thirty cases, 22 (73%) were newly diagnosed typical solid/multicystic intraosseous ameloblastoma, 2 (7%) cases belonged to recurrent ameloblastoma, and 3 (10%) each were diagnosed as peripheralive tumours.
Twist immunohistochemical analysis can be used as an adjuvant to H&E histopathological findings for proper categorization and grading of ameloblastoma especially in the clinically aggressive tumours.
Elderly population is considered as a vulnerable group and prone to develop multiple medical problems. This aging population is rapidly increasing in developing countries especially in Thailand.
This study was a quasi-experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of Group-Mediated Lifestyle Physical Activity (GLPA) program on change health benefit in physical activity among elderly people by using validated and reliable Global Physical Activity Questionnaire-GPAQv2. The study was conducted in Phranakhonsiayutthaya district, Ayutthaya province due to its population being the second highest elderly in the Central Region of Thailand. A total of 102 persons of age 60 and over who could read and write Thai language were selected purposively. However, 52 elderly were enrolled in the intervention group and 50 were enrolled for the control group. General Linear Model repeated-measures ANOVA was used to evaluate the effects of program on change health benefit in physical activity among elderly.
Overall health people in rural area.
The effect of Group-Mediated Lifestyle Physical Activity program change intervention was statistically significant in health benefit after intervention program between intervention and control group. Our study suggested that there was need of promoting and encourages physical activity to increase health benefit among elderly people in rural area.
Fractures of the acetabulum result from high energy accidents. The anatomic location of the acetabulum, as well as the three-dimensional structure of the bone, makes the treatment of these injuries extremely challenging. The objective of this study was to determine the outcome of operative treatment of acetabulum fractures with one year follow-up.
In this descriptive case series, 31 patients with-acetabular fracture were admitted in North West General Hospital, Peshawar, from July 2010 to Sept 2013. Patients were followed-up till one year. In follow-up, patients were assessed clinically with Merle d' Aubigne and Postel grading method. Radiological assessment was done using Matta criteria.
All patients were male. Twelve (38.7%) were managed non-operatively, as they fulfilled criteria for non-operative treatment and 19 (61.3%) patients were operated after fulfilling the criteria for internal fixation; they were included for analysis. Ages ranged from 20-60 years with mean age of 37.21 +/- 10.07 years. Fourteen (73.
