Raunlynge8101

RESULTS Moderate calibration (p-value range from 0.38 to 0.63) and discrimination (area under the curve 0.73-0.84), and low-to-moderate sensitivity (8.3-71.4%) and classification ability (Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) 0.25-0.47) were observed for all risk models to identify patients with plaques at any arterial site as high-risk. MCC was improved for modified-FRS versus FRS (0.43 vs 0.36), but not for modified-SCORE versus SCORE (0.25 vs 0.25). Based on plaque presence, CVD risk was upgraded to high-risk in 10%, 16.1%, 20.5%, 21.5%, 24%, 28.2% and 28.6% of cases classified as non-high-risk by QRISK3, modified-FRS, Globorisk, FRS/PROCAM, ASCVD, modified-SCORE and SCORE, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Most of the five generic and three 'SLE-adapted' clinical risk scores underestimated high CVD risk defined by atherosclerotic plaque presence in patients with SLE.AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between body mass index (BMI) in young women, using weight early in pregnancy as a proxy for pre-pregnancy weight, and risk for early cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS In this prospective, registry-based study, we used weight data in early pregnancy from women, registered in the Swedish Medical Birth Registry, and who gave birth between 1982 and 2014 (n = 1,495,499; median age 28.3 years). Of the women, 118,212 (7.9%) were obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and 29,630 (2.0%) severely obese (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2). After a follow-up of median 16.3 years, we identified 3295 and 4375 cases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and ischemic stroke (IS) corresponding to 13.4 and 17.8 per 100,000 observation years, respectively, occurring at mean ages of 49.8 and 47.3 years. Compared to women with a BMI 20- less then 22.5 kg/m2, the hazard ratio (HR) of AMI increased with higher BMI from 1.40 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27-1.54) among women with BMI 22.5- less then 25.0 kg/m2 to 4.71 (95% CI 3.88-5.72) among women with severe obesity, with similar findings for IS and CVD death, after adjustment for age, pregnancy year, parity and comorbidities at baseline. Women with BMI 30- less then 35.0 and ≥35 kg/m2 had increased all-cause mortality with adjusted HR 1.53 (95% CI 1.43-1.63) and 1.83 (95% CI 1.63-2.05), respectively. CONCLUSION A significant increase in the risk for early AMI, IS and CVD death was noticeable in overweight young women, with a marked increase in obese women.INTRODUCTION There are little contemporary data about cardiovascular risk factors among young adults. We defined trends in diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia in American adults aged 18-44 years. METHODS The National Health and Nutrition Examination Study serial cross-sectional surveys were used to define three time periods 2005-2008, 2009-2012, and 2013-2016. Age-adjusted weighted trends of prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of DM, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia were calculated by linear regression modelling in the overall sample, males, and females. Trends were calculated after adjustment for age, race, body mass index, smoking status, education attainment, income, insurance status, and number of healthcare visits. RESULTS From 2005-2008 to 2013-2016, 15,171 participants were identified. DM prevalence was stable ∼3%, hypertension prevalence was stable ∼11.0%, and hypercholesterolemia prevalence declined from 11.5% to 9.0% (ptrend = 0.02). DM awareness stayed stable between 61.1 and 74.1%, hypertension awareness increased from 68.7 to 77.7% (ptrend = 0.05), and hypercholesterolemia awareness was stable between 46.8 and 54.1%. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/U0126.html DM and hypertension treatment improved markedly (ptrend  less then  0.001 and 0.05, respectively) but the hypercholesterolemia treatment was stable ∼30%. DM control improved across survey periods (7.7-17.4%, ptrend = 0.04) but hypertension control (∼50%) and hypercholesterolemia control (∼13%) remained stable. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control trends also differed between males and females. CONCLUSIONS There is a stable prevalence of DM, high and stable prevalence of hypertension, and declining prevalence of hypercholesterolemia among young Americans. Despite stable or increasing awareness of diabetes and hypertension, there are inadequate treatment and control trends for DM, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia.AIMS Despite recent medical advances, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. As (micro)-calcification is a hallmark of atherosclerosis, this review will elaborately discuss advantages of sodium fluoride positron emission tomography (PET) as a reliable cardiovascular imaging technique for identifying the early onset of vascular calcification (i.e. locking onto the target). We assess state-of-the-art meta-analysis and clinical studies of possible treatment options and evaluate the concept of vitamin K supplementation to preserve vascular health (i.e. loading the bullet). METHODS AND RESULTS After a structured PubMed search, we identified 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) PET as the most suitable technique for detecting micro-calcification. Presenting the pros and cons of available treatments, vitamin K supplementation should be considered as a possible safe and cost-effective option to inhibit vascular (micro)-calcification. CONCLUSION This review demonstrates need for more extensive research in the concept of vitamin K supplementation (i.e. loading the bullet) and recommends monitoring the effects on vascular calcification using 18F-NaF PET (i.e. locking onto the target).AIMS There is a lack of studies that rigorously and systematically assess the economic burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) related to the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). We aimed to assess the association between adherence to ART and economic burden of CVDs in an HIV-infected population. METHODS Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database 2000-2011 was utilized for analyzing 18,071 HIV-infected patients free of CVDs before HIV diagnosis. The level of adherence to ART was measured by the medication possession ratio (MPR). Generalized estimating equations analysis was applied to estimate the cost impact of a variety of CVDs. All costs were presented in 2018 US dollars. RESULTS The incidence of CVDs ranged from 0.17/1000 person-years (cardiogenic shock) to 2.60/1000 person-years (ischemic heart diseases (IHDs)). The mean annual medical cost for a base-case patient without CVDs was US$3000. Having cerebrovascular diseases, myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmia, and IHDs increased annual costs by 41%, 33%, 30%, 16%, and 14%, respectively.