Rasmussenguldager0289

Such variations were significantly linked to dietary variables such as MD adherence rates and intakes of animal vs vegetable proteins. In addition, increased levels of Streptococcus cristatus were observed in the Med-D, which has been reported as antagonistic taxa inhibiting P. gingivalis gene expression. Our findings suggest that a MD-based nutritional intervention may be implicated in reducing periodontal bacteria, and MD may be a dietary strategy supportive of oral homeostasis.IMPORTANCE Changes in dietary behaviour with increased adherence to a Mediterranean diet can determine a reduction of periodontopathogenc bacteria abundances in the saliva of overweight subjects with cardiometabolic risk for unhealthy lifestyle, without any change in individual energy intake, nutrient intake and physical activity. Copyright © 2020 American Society for Microbiology.It is important for the poultry industry to maximise product safety and quality by understanding the connection between bacterial diversity on chicken carcasses throughout poultry processing to the end of shelf life and the impact of the local processing environment. Enumeration of total aerobic bacteria, Campylobacter and Pseudomonas, and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing were used to evaluate the processing line by collecting 10 carcases from steps of Pre-scald, Post-plucker, Pre- and Post-immersion chill and Post air-chill. The diversity throughout a 12-day shelf life was also determined by examining 30 packaged carcasses. To identify the sources of possible contamination, scald water tanks, immersion chilling water tank, air samples and wall surfaces in the air-chill room were analysed. Despite bacterial reductions on carcasses (>5 Log10 CFU/ml) throughout the entire process, each step altered the bacterial diversity. Campylobacter was a minor but persistent component in the bacterial community on carcass loads on carcasses. Poultry processes have similar processes across facilities, but various processing arrangements and operating parameters could impact the bacterial transmission and persistence on carcases differently. This study showed the use of a single tunnel incorporating scalding, defeathering and plucking may undesirably distribute the thermoduric bacteria, e.g. Oxaliplatin molecular weight Campylobacter and Anoxybacillus, between the local environment and carcasses whereas this does not occur when these steps are separated. The length of immersion and air chilling also impacted bacterial diversity on carcasses. Air chilling can transfer Pseudomonas from wall surfaces onto carcasses which subsequently may influence chicken product shelf life. This study helps poultry processors understand the impact of current commercial processing and improve the chicken product quality and safety. © Crown copyright 2020.Although transovarial transmission of bacteriome-associated symbionts in hemipteran insects is extremely important for maintaining intimate host-symbiont associations, our knowledge of cellular mechanisms underlying the transmission process is quite limited. We investigated bacterial communities of salivary glands, bacteriomes and digestive and reproductive organs, and clarified the transovarial transmission of bacteriome-associated symbionts of the mountain-habitat specialist Pycna repanda using integrated methods. The bacterial communities among different gut tissues and those of bacteriomes of males and females both show similarity, whereas differences are exhibited among testes and ovaries. The primary symbionts Candidatus Sulcia muelleri (hereafter Sulcia) and Candidatus Hodgkinia cicadicola (hereafter Hodgkinia) were not only restricted to but also dominant in the bacteriomes and ovaries. Hodgkinia cells in the bacteriomes of both sexes exhibited different colors under histological and electron microscoies, but knowledge is quite poor about the mountain-habitat species. We initially revealed the physical distribution of the primary symbionts Sulcia and Hodgkinia and the dominant secondary symbionts Rickettsia and Arsenophonus in the mountain-habitat specialist Pycna repanda, then clarified the transovarial transmission process of bacteriome-associated symbionts in this species. Our observations suggest that Hodgkinia may have split into cytologically distinct lineages within this cicada species, and related cicadas might have developed complex mechanisms for vertically transmitting of the bacteriome-associated symbionts. We also revealed that Arsenophonus can be transovarially transmitted in Auchenorrhynchan insects when it is not harbored in the cytoplasm of other endosymbiont. Our results highlight transovarial transmission mechanisms of bacteriome-associated symbionts in sap-feeding insects. Copyright © 2020 American Society for Microbiology.Biotin, an important co-factor for carboxylases, is essential for all kingdoms of life. Since native biotin synthesis does not always suffice for fast growth and product formation, microbial cultivation in research and industry often requires supplementation of biotin. De novo biotin biosynthesis in yeasts is not fully understood, which hinders attempts to optimize the pathway in these industrially relevant microorganisms. Previous work based on laboratory evolution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for biotin prototrophy identified Bio1, whose catalytic function remains unresolved, as a bottleneck in biotin synthesis. This study aimed at eliminating this bottleneck in the S. cerevisiae laboratory strain CEN.PK113-7D. A screening of 35 Saccharomycotina yeasts identified six species that grew fast without biotin supplementation. Overexpression of the ScBIO1 ortholog isolated from one of these biotin prototrophs, Cyberlindnera fabianii, enabled fast growth of strain CEN.PK113-7D in biotin-free medium. Similar resultsphic microorganisms. The observed oxygen dependency of biotin synthesis by the engineered strains is relevant for further studies on the elucidation of fungal biotin biosynthesis pathways. Copyright © 2020 Wronska et al.An insect's phenotype can be shaped by experiences made by the parental generation. However, effects of the parental symbiotic microbiome and host plant use on the offspring are unclear. We addressed this gap of knowledge by studying Pieris brassicae, a multivoltine butterfly species feeding on different brassicaceous plants across generations. We investigated how disturbance of the parental bacterial community by an antibiotic treatment affects F1 larval traits. We tested the effects in dependence of whether F1 larvae are feeding on the same or a different plant species than their parents. The parental treatment alone had no impact on the biomass of F1 larvae feeding on the parental plant species. However, the parental treatment had a detrimental effect on F1 larval biomass when F1 larvae experienced a different host plant than their parents. This effect was linked to higher larval prophenoloxidase activity and greater downregulation of a major allergen (MA), a glucosinolate detoxification gene of P. brassicae Bacterial abundance in untreated adult parents was high, while it was very low in F1 larvae from either parental type, and thus, unlikely to directly influence larval traits.