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In 1876, the French philosopher Charles Renouvier published Uchronie, an obscure philosophical novel narrating an alternate history where Christianity fails to take root in the West. Far from being a literary divertissement, the novel rests on an articulated philosophy of history, which emphasizes the role of contingency and human freedom in opposition to the organicist and deterministic historical visions of the time. My purpose is to provide the theoretical outlook of Renouvier's "philosophie analytique de l'histoire" and to place it within its historical context, in light of Renouvier's reactions to the political and intellectual vicissitudes of the Third Republic.This article analyzes the making of a novel consciousness of historicity in Germany around 1800, one that regarded mountains as vaults of a shared and palpable past. Revisiting a paleontological debate about the origin of large mammal bones found in caves, it reads the science of Johann Christian Rosenmüller (1771-1820) as a social and political accomplishment. By attributing the fossils to an indigenous "cave bear," and communicating an elite scientific debate to a lay audience, Rosenmüller presented an account of Germany's primordial past that fed seamlessly into its present, nurturing an idea of nationhood grounded in the (sub)soil.Recent scholarship on the Scottish Enlightenment has emphasized the increasing importance, in the last decades of the eighteenth century, of the concept of race. Yet race was a conceptual, moral, and taxonomic puzzle for Scots intellectuals such as Adam Ferguson (1723-1816). While the influence of Ferguson's published works has received wide scholarly attention, the content of his teaching has not. His surviving moral philosophy lecture notes offer us a window into the development of thought on race at the disciplinary intersections of moral philosophy and natural history, and the crossroads of Edinburgh's curricula and Britain's Empire.Today the importance of epistolary networks for intellectuals in early modern Europe is well appreciated. Nevertheless, connections reaching outside the canon of celebrated humanists and scientists in the Republic of Letters are little studied. This article examines how Charles de Bovelles (1479-1567) used letters to establish a philosophical persona and publicize his contemplative approach to natural philosophy. find more Scrutinizing how Bovelles created an epistolary community comprising university alumni and men in religious professions, the article sheds new light on the culture of contemplation in the early sixteenth century.Early recognition and treatment for early warning electrocardiogram (ECG) of sudden death are very important to prevent and treat malignant arrhythmia and sudden death. Previous studies have found that R-on-T and T wave alternation, and QT interval prolongation are closely related to malignant arrhythmia or sudden death, which are included in the critical value of ECG.By analyzing the ECG characteristics of 4 patients with sudden death, we found that although the causes of the patients were different, there were transient prolongation of QT interval after premature contraction in 12 lead ECG, followed by malignant arrhythmia or sudden death. Thus, we thought that the transient prolongation of QT interval after premature contraction had a high value for warning malignant arrhythmia or sudden death. This phenomenon should be paid enough attention to reduce the risk of sudden death.Cryptococcal meningitis has become the largest cause for the death of infectious diseases in the central nervous system infectious disease worldwide. Most patients with cryptococcal meningitis have AIDS, autoimmune diseases, hematologic malignancies, and some other relevant diseases. It is mainly caused by infection with Cryptococcus neoformans or Cryptococcus gattii. Although the relationship between cryptococcal meningitis and autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, has been recognized, little has been studied about it. Furthermore, with the use of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants, the incidence of cryptococcal meningitis is increasing year by year. Cryptococcal meningitis accounts for 15% of HIV-related deaths globally, compared with little research on HIV-negative cryptococcal diseases. A 54-year-old female patient with gingival bleeding was admitted to the Department of Neurology at the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. The patient subsequently developed a seri of disease.Cardio-facio-cutaneous (CFC) syndrome is an extremely rare autosomal dominant genetic disease due to BRAF and other gene mutations. The main characteristics of the patients are craniofacial deformities, cardiac malformations, skin abnormalities, delay of language and motor development, gastrointestinal dysfunction, intellectual disability, and epilepsy. In this case, the child has a typical CFC syndrome face and developmental delay. The gene results of the second-generation sequencing technology showed that there was a mutation site c.1741A>G (p. Asn581Asp) (heterozygous) in exon 14 of the BRAF (NM_004333.5) gene. The mutation was not observed in the child's parents. The above-mentioned mutation may be a de novo mutation. There is no effective therapy for this disease so far.Rotator cuff injuries are the most common cause of shoulder pain and dysfunction. Ideal animal shoulder models should have similar shoulder anatomy and function as human, and are able to replicate the microenvironment change after tendon injury. At present, a variety of animal models including rat, mouse, rabbit, sheep, canine, bovine, and primate have been used to study the mechanism of rotator cuff injury, effects of different repair techniques, and factors affecting tendon to bone healing. Although large animal models are more anatomically similar to humans, small animal models are more convenient in revealing the biological mechanism of rotator cuff injury and healing. Choosing appropriate animal models based on research objectives and establishing new small animal models play a critical role in revealing the mechanism of rotator cuff diseases and developing novel treating strategies.