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Placing the guidelines for strength training above those for aerobic training emphasizes the importance of this type of training. In addition, it is now recommended that prolonged sitting is avoided by regularl interruptions. We believe that the publication of the physical activity guidelines for Austria will make an important contribution to the promotion of health through regular physical activity. However, the promotion of regular physical activity will only be successful if all target groups have a fair chance to reach physical activity competence, and attractive environments are created for regular physical activity.Health services research in oncology deals with all situations which cancer patients face. It looks at the different phases of care, i. e. prevention / early detection, prehabilitation, diagnostics, therapy, rehabilitation and palliative care as well as the various actors, including those affected, the carers and self-help. It deals with healthy people (e. g. in the context of prevention / early detection), patients and cancer survivors. Due to the nature of cancer and the existing care structures, there are a number of specific contents for health services research in oncology compared to general health services research while the methods remain essentially identical. This memorandum describes the subject, illustrates the care structures and identifies areas of health services research in oncology. This memorandum has been prepared by the Oncology Section of the German Network for Health Services Research and is the result of intensive discussions.

 Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) is a technology that might contribute to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs as a filter test between fecal immunochemical testing and standard colonoscopy. The aim was to systematically review the literature for studies investigating the diagnostic yield of second-generation CCE compared with standard colonoscopy.

 A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Study characteristics including quality of bowel preparation and completeness of CCE transits were extracted. Per-patient sensitivity and specificity were extracted for polyps (any size, ≥ 10 mm, ≥ 6 mm) and lesion characteristics. Meta-analyses of diagnostic yield were performed.

 The literature search revealed 1077 unique papers and 12 studies were included. Studies involved a total of 2199 patients, of whom 1898 were included in analyses. The rate of patients with adequate bowel preparation varied from 40 % to 100 %. The rates of complete CCE transit varied from 57 % to 100 %. Our meta-analyses demonstrated that mean (95 % confidence interval) sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio were 0.85 (0.73-0.92), 0.85 (0.70-0.93), and 30.5 (16.2-57.2), respectively, for polyps of any size; 0.87 (0.82-0.90), 0.95 (0.92-0.97), and 136.0 (70.6-262.1), respectively, for polyps ≥ 10 mm; and 0.87 (0.83-0.90), 0.88 (0.75-0.95), and 51.1 (19.8-131.8), respectively, for polyps ≥ 6 mm. check details No serious adverse events were reported for CCE.

 CCE had high sensitivity and specificity for per-patient polyps compared with standard colonoscopy However, the relatively high rate of incomplete investigations limits the application of CCE in a CRC screening setting.

 CCE had high sensitivity and specificity for per-patient polyps compared with standard colonoscopy However, the relatively high rate of incomplete investigations limits the application of CCE in a CRC screening setting.

To investigate the effects of Flash Glucose Monitoring (FGM) on glucose profile in people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) receiving anti-diabetic drug medication.

This is a prospective non-randomized uncontrolled study. 111 people with T2DM were enrolled and received FGM for 14 days. There was no change of anti-diabetic medication during the 14 days. The plasma glucose concentration on day 2 was used as baseline and the day 13 was considered as study end point. The parameters to compare were mean plasma glucose (MPG), glucose variations, and incidence of hypoglycemia during the FGM period. The multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis was applied to determine the independent factors that affect MPG difference.

This study analyzed the data of a total of 111 people with T2DM (male 60 and female 51). The general clinical data of these patients were as follows age 65.0±6.7 years old; duration of diabetes 11.6±6.8 years; HbA1c 61.2±13.3 mmol/mol; body mass index (BMI) 25.2±3.2 kg/m². Using FGM, p to maintain euglycemia was 11.7 times/day as calculated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Using FGM to monitor glucose concentration at 11.7 times/day, people with T2DM can achieve a better glucose control in addition to anti-diabetic drug medication through changing daily diet and exercise, especially in patients with high concentration of HbA1c (>66.1 mmol/mol).

66.1 mmol/mol).Pluripotent stem cells differentiate with varying efficiencies depending on the method of reprogramming that created them. In this issue, Paniza et al. (2020. J. Cell Biol.https//doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201909163) demonstrate that cells with lower differentiation potential retain some features of somatic DNA replication origin utilization and suffer more frequent DNA damage.Athie et al. (2020. J. Cell Biol. https//doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201908078) identify ALAL-1, a lncRNA frequently amplified or overexpressed in lung cancer, as an oncogenic driver, capable of promoting the proliferation and altering the immunogenicity of lung cancer cells.Mitophagy has a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by removing damaged mitochondria. In this issue, Yamano et al. (2020. J. Cell Biol. https//doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201912144) uncover that a novel complex of the autophagy adaptor optineurin and the membrane protein ATG9A specifically regulate ubiquitin-induced mitophagy.Cancer is characterized by genomic instability leading to deletion or amplification of oncogenes or tumor suppressors. However, most of the altered regions are devoid of known cancer drivers. Here, we identify lncRNAs frequently lost or amplified in cancer. Among them, we found amplified lncRNA associated with lung cancer-1 (ALAL-1) as frequently amplified in lung adenocarcinomas. ALAL-1 is also overexpressed in additional tumor types, such as lung squamous carcinoma. The RNA product of ALAL-1 is able to promote the proliferation and tumorigenicity of lung cancer cells. ALAL-1 is a TNFα- and NF-κB-induced cytoplasmic lncRNA that specifically interacts with SART3, regulating the subcellular localization of the protein deubiquitinase USP4 and, in turn, its function in the cell. Interestingly, ALAL-1 expression inversely correlates with the immune infiltration of lung squamous tumors, while tumors with ALAL-1 amplification show lower infiltration of several types of immune cells. We have thus unveiled a pro-oncogenic lncRNA that mediates cancer immune evasion, pointing to a new target for immune potentiation.