Ramseyholland3936

Our results indicate that AR exposure constitutes a previously unrecognized threat to Tasmanian wedge-tailed eagles and highlight the importance of efforts to address non-target AR exposure in Australia.Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widely distributed in aquatic environment, and the potential ecological risk of PFASs has become a new challenge in recent years. But there were few integrated studies about the distribution, source appointment and risk assessment of PFASs in water of lakes along the middle reach of Yangtze River, China. Hence, this study investigated the pollution characteristics, source apportionment, ecological risks assessment of eleven PFASs from the surface water in this region. The total concentrations of PFASs (∑PFASs) ranged from 12.43 to 77.44 ng L-1 in this region. The ∑PFASs in Hong and Poyang Lakes were higher than those in Dongting Lake and middle reach of Yangtze River (p less then 0.05). Dansylcadaverine The compositions of PFASs in the middle reach of Yangtze River and along three lakes were similar, being with a larger proportion of short-chain PFACs. The food packaging and metal plating sources were identified as the main sources by two models. The total risk quotients (∑RQs) showed the ecological risk for algae in the middle reach of Yangtze River, Dongting and Poyang Lakes were negligible, but the low risk in some sites of Hong Lake. The EDIs of ∑PFASs were much lower than the tolerable daily intake recommended by the European Food Safety Authority. The results of this study were significant for developing effective strategies (e.g. short-chain substitution and restriction) of controlling PFASs pollution in the middle reach of Yangtze River and along lakes.Membrane fouling by nano/microplastics (NP/MPs) is an emerging concern threatening the performance of water and wastewater treatment facilities. The NP/MPs can lead to surface adsorption, fouling and potential mechanical abrasion of the membranes. In this work, periodic gas scouring was applied during the filtration of nano/microplastics across ultrafiltration membranes to investigate the impact of shear forces on the adsorption of nano/microplastics. A series of surface energy and chemistry-modified membranes were also used including acrylic acid, cyclopropylamine and hexamethyldisiloxane plasma-modified membranes, allowing for a set of materials with controlled hydrophilicity, roughness and surface charge. Bubbling gas within the system at a gas flow rate of 0.5 to 1 L·min-1 and a water flow rate of 2 L·min-1 was found to limit the water flux decline across the pristine and hydrophobic membranes compared to the filtration experiments performed without cleaning from 38 to 22 and 23%, respectively. The adsorption of nano/microplastics onto the surface of the membranes was also simultaneously decreased from 40 to 25 and 19%, respectively. Interestingly, for the hydrophilised membranes no enhancement in permeance was observed when performing gas scouring due to the already low tendency for selective adsorption of the nano/microplastics onto their surface. The correlation of a dimensionless fouling number to the shear stress number suggested that the shear forces induced by gas scouring reduced nano/microplastics adsorption up to a gas injection ratio (volume fraction of gas) of 0.3, where the wall shear stress at the surface of the membrane was limited. This work offers an advanced physical strategy to reduce and control membrane fouling by nano/microplastics, with potential for this strategy to be adapted for more complex water matrices and plastic particles.Air pollution kills approximately 4.2 million people every year. As air pollution varies significantly in different urban areas, the assessment of urban emissions is key to taking appropriate actions and formulating policies for sustainable built environments and to promote the wellbeing of people. The overarching goal of this study was to generate fine resolution aerosol optical depth (AOD) using Landsat imagery and examine both the socioeconomic inequalities of air pollution exposure and the air quality variation related to different land-use categories. This study has focused on a period of unusual population growth, 2000-2010, in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area. It was found that socioeconomic factors, vegetation indexes, and land use land cover types are all strong predictors of AOD, and the negative coefficients of socioeconomic values reveal insight into the social inequality of air pollution exposure. Results suggest that the government regulation on air pollution during the study period helped to improve air quality. Meanwhile, planting vegetation to mitigate air pollution should be carefully examined in order to find the right vegetation species and spatial configuration of vegetation cover in urban settings.This study aimed to identify the physiological responses of house cricket females following short-term exposure to relatively low dietary doses of graphene oxide (GO, 20 μg · g-1 food), silver (Ag, 400 μg · g-1 food) nanoparticles (NPs), or graphene oxide‑silver nanoparticle composite (GO-AgNPs, 20 400 μg · g-1 food). Energy intake and distribution were measured on the third, sixth, and tenth day. A semi-quantitative API®ZYM assay of digestive enzyme fingerprints was performed on the third and tenth day of continuous treatment. Physicochemical properties of the NPs were obtained by combining SEM, EDX spectrometry, AFM, and DLS techniques. The obtained results showed decreased energy consumption, particularly assimilation as an early response to dietary NPs followed by compensatory changes in feeding activity leading to the same consumption and assimilation throughout the experimental period (10 days). The increased activities of digestive enzymes in NP-treated females compared to the control on the third day of the experiment suggest the onset of compensatory reactions of the day. Moreover, the insects treated with GO-AgNP composite retained more body water, suggesting increased uptake. The observed changes in the measured physiological parameters after exposure to NPs are discussed in light of hormesis.