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We have studied, in diabetic older adults with urinary retention (UR), whether a urinary catheter (UC) inserted during hospitalization but not removed is associated with 1-year mortality.

A retrospective study included 327consecutive older adults (age ≥ 65years; median age 83years; 57.8% males) with UR in whom a UC was inserted during hospitalization 139 (42.5%) diabetics and 188 (57.5%) nondiabetics. UC removal rates during hospitalization and 1-year mortality rates were studied in both groups. Cox regression analysis was used to assess whether a UC inserted during hospitalization but not removed was independently associated with 1-year mortality.

Most diabetic and non-diabetic patients left the hospital with a UC (66.2% vs. 75.5%; p = 0.082). Overall, 54 (38.8%) diabetic patients and 52 (27.7%) nondiabetic patients died one year later (OR 1.66; 95% CI 1.04-2.65; p = 0.042). read more Diabetic patients with a UC at discharge day had significantly higher 1-year mortality rates relative todiabetic patients without a UC (48.9% vs. 19.1%; OR 4.04; 95% CI 1.75-9.30; p = 0.001), while in nondiabetic patients there was no significant difference in 1-year mortality rates between patients with or without a UC at discharge day (26.8% vs. 30.4%; p = 0.705). Cox regression analysis showed that only in diabetic patients a UC not removed was independently associated with 1-year mortality (HR 2.56; 95% CI 1.16-5.64; p = 0.019).

A UC inserted but not removed in diabetic older adults with UR is associated with 1-year mortality. Removing a UC and its association with mortality should be studied prospectively in this population.

A UC inserted but not removed in diabetic older adults with UR is associated with 1-year mortality. Removing a UC and its association with mortality should be studied prospectively in this population.

We discuss the known age-associated changes in drug metabolism and elimination, the potential use of this information when selecting specific therapeutic strategies in older patients, and the steps required to fill the knowledge gap in this field.

We conducted a narrative review that encapsulates the current knowledge regarding the main age-associated changes in drug metabolism and elimination and discusses their possible inclusion in current and future personalised prescribing tools for the older patient population.

Despite some progress in this field, the lack of specific information regarding the impact of frailty, pharmacogenomics, and drug-drug, drug-disease, and organ-organ interactions, particularly in subjects > 80years, currently prevents the routine incorporation of pharmacokinetic data, barring measures of renal function, into personalised prescribing tools.

The incorporation of pharmacokinetic data into personalised prescribing, an approach based on the consideration of a number of patins of common medications in "real-life" patients, together with the implementation of effective strategies tackling inappropriate prescribing, is likely to improve clinical outcomes and reduce healthcare utilization in the older population.Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) is an important transcription factor in epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) which participates in the numerous life processes, such as embryonic development, fibrosis and tumor progression. ZEB1 has multiple functions in human body and plays a crucial part in some life processes. ZEB1 is vital for the formation and development of the organs in the embryonic period. The abnormal expression of ZEB1 is a predictor for the poor prognosis or the poor survival in several cancers. ZEB1 contributes to the occurrence of fibrosis, cancer and even chemoresistance. Some research is indicated that fibrosis is finally developed into the cancers. Therefore, ZEB1 is probably taken as a biomarker in fibrosis or cancer. In this review, it is predicted of the structure of ZEB1 and the protein binding sites of ZEB1 with some protein, and it is discussed about the roles of ZEB1 in fibrosis and cancer progression to elaborate the potential applications of ZEB1 in clinic.The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a significant role in fibrosis and migration of lens epithelial cells (LECs), and eventually induces posterior capsule opacification (PCO). In the past, it was generally believed that the TGF-β/Smad pathway regulates lens EMT. A recent study found that attenuated glutathione level promotes LECs EMT via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which suggests a more complex pathogenesis of PCO. To test the hypothesis, we used the mouse cataract surgery PCO model and tested both canonical Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways. The results showed that both TGF-β/Smad and Wnt/β-catenin pathways were activated during the lens capsule fibrosis. Compared with the freshly isolated posterior capsule, the expression level of phosphorylated Smad2 was highest at day3 and then slightly decreased, but the expression level of Wnt10a gradually increased from day0 to day7. It shows that these two pathways are involved in the lens epithelium's fibrotic process and may play different roles in different periods. Subsequently, we established oxidative stress-induced EMT model in primary porcine lens epithelial cells and found that both the TGF-β/Smad and Wnt/β-catenin pathways were activated. Further study suggests that block Wnt/β-catenin pathway using XAV939 alone or block TGF-β/Smad pathway using LY2109761 could partially block pLECs fibrosis, but blocking Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β/Smad pathway using combined XAV939 and LY2109761 could completely block pLECs fibrosis. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that both TGF-β/Smad and canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathways play a significant role in regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of lens epithelial cells but might be in a different stage.Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as a multifunctional class of RNAs, while there is limited knowledge on their functions in the development of cancers. Herein, we performed the current study to probe into the regulatory mechanism of circ_0044516 in malignant behaviors of gastric cancer (GC) cells with the involvement of microRNA (miR)-149-5p/human antigen R (HuR) axis. Firstly, the expression levels of circ_0044516 in GC cell lines and normal gastric mucosal epithelial cells were determined by qRT-PCR, and GC cell lines with the highest expression of circ_0044516 were screened for further cell experiments. Subsequently, the biological functions of silenced circ_0044516 in GC were identified by CCK-8, colony formation, and transwell assays. Xenograft mouse models were established for in vivo verification. Furthermore, luciferase reporter, RIP, RNA pull-down assay and rescue experiments were performed to explore the sponge regulatory mechanism of circ_0044516. circ_0044516 was suggested to be highly expressed in GC cell lines, and circ_0044516 could promote GC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, as well as in vivo tumor growth.