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e are infrequent. Post-operative hemoglobin monitoring may enable early prediction for hemodynamic instability.

Sagittal synostosis is the commonest form of nonsyndromic isolated craniosynostosis. Calvarial vault remodeling (CVR) and spring-mediated cranioplasty (SMC) are the commonly used correction techniques.

To study and compare clinical and radiographic outcomes of CVR and SMC in the correction of isolated sagittal suture synostosis.

A prospective cohort with the patients were divided into group; I (SMC) and II (CVR), each 15 patients. They were observed to evaluate the outcome and detect complications.

Mean operative time was 59.2 minutes in SMC and 184 minutes in CVR. Mean intraoperative blood loss was 26 mL in SMC and 64.7 mL in CVR. Intraoperative complications in SMC were dural tear in 1 patient and superior sagittal sinus injury in another patient, while in CVR 2 patients with dural tears and a 3rd with superior sagittal sinus injury. selleck chemicals llc Postoperative complications in SMC were exposed spring, gaped wound, and parietal eminence elevation, while in CVR 2 patients needed blood transfusion. The mean hospital stays was 1.4 days in SMC and 4.1 days in CVR. In SMC, the relative increase in cephalic index varied between 5.5% and 8.2%, while for CVR, it varied between 5.1% and 7.9%.

The SMC and CVR are safe procedures, with good long-term results and significant objective changes toward normalization of the skull morphology in isolated sagittal craniosynostosis. The SMC is less invasive and associated with reduced hospital stays, decreased blood loss, and can be performed at a younger age than CVR with a lower morbidity.

The SMC and CVR are safe procedures, with good long-term results and significant objective changes toward normalization of the skull morphology in isolated sagittal craniosynostosis. The SMC is less invasive and associated with reduced hospital stays, decreased blood loss, and can be performed at a younger age than CVR with a lower morbidity.

Controversy exists regarding the optimal surgical approach for non-syndromic sagittal synostosis. This study provides the first comparative analysis of the long-term behavioral, psychological, and executive function outcomes for patients who underwent either cranial vault remodeling (CVR) or spring-assisted strip craniectomy (SAS).

Thirty-six CVR patients and 39 SAS patients were evaluated. Parents and caregivers completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and the Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC-2) to evaluate behavioral, emotional, social, adaptive, and executive functioning skills.

There were no statistically significant differences between the CVR and the SAS groups (P > 0.05) in any of the BRIEF areas of function. Furthermore, the BASC-2 battery illustrated no significant differences in all areas analyzed except one. Among the 2 groups, the CVR group was rated as having fewer social withdrawal symptoms on the BASC-2 (47.00 ± 10.27) compared to the SAS cohort (54.64 ± 10.96), F = 6.79, P = 0.012, Cohen d = 0.688. However, both means were still within the normal range.

Children undergoing SAS and CVR procedures for isolated sagittal synostosis were not rated as having clinically significant behavioral, emotional, social, adaptive, or executive functioning problems on parental forms.

Children undergoing SAS and CVR procedures for isolated sagittal synostosis were not rated as having clinically significant behavioral, emotional, social, adaptive, or executive functioning problems on parental forms.

The number of adults with master's, professional, and doctoral degrees has doubled since 2000. The relevance of advanced degrees in plastic surgery has not been explored.

Faculty, residents, and recent alumni with advanced degrees from the United States plastic surgery training programs were identified. Degrees were analyzed based on geography, program/hospital rankings, department versus division status, gender, leadership/editorial roles, private versus academic practice, subspecialization training, academic productivity/H-indices, and National Institutes of Health funding.

A total of 986 faculties, 1001 residents, and 761 alumni credentials from 95 training programs were reviewed 9.3% of faculties, 7.1% of residents, and 6.3% of alumni have advanced degrees, majority being men (71%). Residency programs ranked top 10 by Doximity or affiliated with a top 10 medical school/hospital have more faculty/residents/alumni with advanced degrees (P < 0.01). Faculty holding PhDs are less likely fellowship tras for obtaining an advanced degree and impact on career deserve further attention.

Geometric morphometric analysis with Procrustes superimposition is an advanced computational tool that can be used to quantify dynamic changes in complex three-dimensional structures. The present study couples high resolution CT imaging with a Geometric Morphometric approach in order to further understand the complex dysmorphology that occurs in unilateral coronal synostosis (UCS).

Forty-one UCS patients and 41 age- and sex-matched controls received high-resolution CT imaging. Thirty-one anatomical landmarks were identified on each imaging set. A geometric morphometric workflow was used to perform a Procrustes superimposition to register landmarks into a common space. Procrustes-aligned landmarks were used to derive angle calculations, lengths, and other anatomical measurements. Three-dimensional coordinates were also used to perform a principal components analysis (PCA).

Unilateral coronal synostosis patients exhibited significant angular deviation at the levels of the inferior skull base, mid-posterios in UCS.

Temporal bone spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (sCSF) leaks are characterized by defects in the tegmen along with calvarial thinning without associated thinning of the extracranial zygoma. The authors sought to determine the effect of age and race on calvarial, tegmen, and zygoma thickness.

Retrospective cohort study.

Tertiary Referral Center.

A total of 446 patients with high-resolution head computer tomography (CT) imaging from 2003 to 2018.Intervention(s) Calvarial, tegmen, and zygoma thicknesses were measured using 3D slicer.Main Outcome Measure(s) Effects of age and race on calvarium, tegmen, zygoma thickness.

Among all patients, increased age was associated with increased thickness of the calvarium [95% CI, 0.0002 to 0.007 mm/year, P < 0.05] and tegmen [95% CI, 0.00039 to 0.0075 mm/year, P = 0.03], but decreased thickness of the zygoma [95% CI, -0.013 to -0.005 mm/year, P < 0.001]. When compared to white patients, black patients had thicker mean [SD] calvaria (2.63 [0.61] versus 3.30 [0.79] mm; difference, 0.