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Such changes were associated with pronounced diet shifts, i.e., the rise of Eucalyptus spp. pollen amount in forager bees' guts. Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between the amount of Eucalyptus pollen in diets and the abundance of some bacterial taxa in the gut-associated microbiota. We conclude that diet and subsequent interactions with the gut microbiome are key environmental components of the annual disease and propose the use of diet supplementation as means to sustain the activity of stingless bee keeping as well as native bee pollination services.Road traffic injuries continue to be a leading cause of death around the world. Rapid emergency response is a key factor in improving occupant outcomes. Over the past ten years, Injury Severity Prediction (ISP) models have been developed and deployed to assist in effective dispatch of emergency medical services (EMS). Prior versions of ISP have relied on driver-based scenarios that are not relevant in many of the possible autonomous vehicle (AV) contexts. This paper describes the development and validation of occupant-based ISP models that predict injury severity for specific vehicle seat positions. Models show improved predictive performance, sensitivity 80% and specificity over 95%, for front row occupants. Second row occupant models have similar specificity, but sensitivity scores dropped due to occupant heterogeneity and small sample sizes of seriously injured occupants.Australian vehicle standards are governed nationwide by the Australian Design Rules (ADR) that specify regulatory standards for the safety performance of road vehicles. The aim of this study was to quantify the number of lives saved on New South Wales roads by accelerating the update of safer vehicles by aligning ADR with global best practice represented by the new European Union General Safety Regulation. The methods used in this study to estimate the impact of future road safety interventions was a logical reduction of current crashes into future casualty outcomes, the residual, based on what is known about delivery of future safety measures and system improvements. A database was prepared including information on all 2018 fatalities on NSW roads (n=347). The database contained information for each individual crash, the vehicles and persons involved and the road environment where the crash occurred. In the results of this study, it was found that a scenario of aligning Australian Design Rules with the EU General Safety Regulation on a number of key vehicle safety technologies could potentially save around 20 lives annually in 2030 and around 90 lives cumulatively, over and beyond the baseline trend, between 2023 and 2030 in New South Wales. It could be concluded that vehicle safety has significant lives saving potential, however, the time lag of benefit realisation will require continued investments in other areas like infrastructure safety, speed management and enforcement in the coming decades to achieve future trauma reduction targets in NSW.Prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) is increasing alarmingly worldwide. Slowing down the progression of OA and diverse locomotive organ disorders is gaining interest in improving the quality of life (QOL) and extending healthy life-span. In a pilot study, intake of a small amount of undenatured type II collagen exhibited suppression of damage to the articular cartilage via oral immune tolerance. It also demonstrated improvement of knee and joint flexibility and mobility with continued intake of undenatured type II collagen (NEXT-II®) derived from chicken sternum cartilage. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical investigation (RCT) evaluated the efficacy and safety of 12 weeks of regular intake of NEXT-II® on joint and motor function in healthy Japanese male and female participants (aged 20 to less then 75 years). Sixty-four participants were randomized to receive either NEXT-II® (undenatured type II collagen 3.2 mg/d) or placebo over a period of 12 consecutive weeks. Efficacy on joint and motor functions were evaluated measuring knee passive range of motion as the primary outcome; the Japan Knee Osteoarthritis Measure (JKOM), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for knee discomfort, and motor functions (10-meter walking and stair-climbing test) as the secondary outcomes; and Japan Low back pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JLEQ) and VAS for lower back discomfort as the exploratory outcomes. Fifty-eight participants (placebo = 28; NEXT-II® group = 30) completed the study. In the assessment of knee passive range of motion, significant improvements in "flexion" and "flexible angle (range)" were observed in the NEXT-II® group at 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment. NEXT-II® induced significant improvements in JKOM, VAS for knee and lower back discomfort, 10-meter walking test, stair-climbing test, and JLEQ. Results demonstrate that undenatured type II collagen is safe and efficacious in improving knee flexibility and mobility, reducing knee and lower back pain, and enhancing motor function.Despite the advancement in wound care, the effective therapy of chronic diabetic ulcers continues to be a challenge. Wound healing is a highly controlled process, which involves a sequence of complex overlapping steps. This healing pathway comprises of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferative, and remodeling phases. Crenigacestat Recent evidence suggests that phytomedicines can prevent or repair different kinds of destructive cellular damage, including chronic wounds. Several phytochemicals such as polyphenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and glycosides have pleiotropic effects, including stimulation of fibroblast proliferation, the main step in wound healing. Besides, the mechanism involves induction of collagen synthesis, migration, and reepithelization and their antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory actions. Similarly, the use of phytochemicals alone or as an adjuvant with standard therapy has demonstrated promising results in managing complications in the diabetic foot. For instance, the extract of Carica papaya has been shown antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects, which, together with proteolytic enzymatic activity, contributes to its wound healing property. It is generally believed that phytotherapy has no or minimal toxicity than synthetic therapeutic agents, favoring its use in diabetic foot ulcer management. The current review highlights the selected phytochemicals and their sources; and potential application in diabetic foot ulcer management.

Endurance runners exhibit an elevated prevalence of low bone mass and characteristics consistent with undernourishment.

This quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest design study evaluated the efficacy of a 4-week nutrition education curriculum to optimize nutrition knowledge, self-efficacy, and the intake of nutrient-rich carbohydrate foods.

Forty-eight adolescent endurance runners, age 15.7 ± 1.2 y, from two high schools in Southern California were recruited to complete four, weekly lessons addressing the quantity, quality, and timing of carbohydrate intake. Differences in pre- compared to post-intervention nutrition knowledge and self-efficacy to consume nutrient-rich carbohydrate foods were evaluated using paired samples

-tests. Qualitative coding of open-response questions explored changes in food intake behaviors reported by runners during the intervention.

The percent of nutrition knowledge questions answered correctly increased after Lessons 1 and 2 (59.0% ± 20.0% pre- vs. 81.9% ± 22.8% post-Lesate foods (8.7 ± 2.7 vs. 12.4 ± 2.3, P  less then  0.001). Self-efficacy scores improved after all lessons (P less then .001). After Lesson 2, 84% (n = 27/32) of runners increased the carbohydrate included in a snack or meal; after Lesson 4, 85% (n = 29/34) added a post-exercise snack. Frequent themes identified from questions addressing dietary changes included increasing quantity and quality of carbohydrates in snacks and meals and being more aware of food choices.Conclusions Findings suggest that the curriculum enhanced nutrition knowledge, self-efficacy, and dietary behaviors related to intake of nutrient-dense carbohydrate foods in adolescent runners.Background The relationship between dietary antioxidants and breast cancer (BrCa) has been investigated in various studies. As a limitation, they generally investigate the relationship between one specific antioxidant and the risk/odds of BrCa, and synergistic or inhibitory effects are less considered. Dietary antioxidant index (DAI) is a reliable nutritional tool that evaluates total nutritional antioxidant capacity and is validated with serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and Malondialdehyde (MDA). Our study aimed to investigate the association between the DAI and the odds of BrCa and the correlation between the DAI and pathobiological markers. We hypnotized a correlation between DAI and pathobiological markers, and there is an association between DAI and the odds of BrCa.Methods Our study included 145 incidence cases of BrCa and 148 hospital-based controls. Controls were randomly selected from patients attending the same center and were frequency-matched on age (±10 years). DAI was calculated based on adants. However, further studies are needed to confirm or refute these results.Background Enteral nutrition (EN) delivered via an enteric access device is employed to correct severe malnutrition and feed patients with pathology restricting oral intake, and is often initiated in the hospital. There are limited data on the clinical outcomes of patients discharged from the hospital on EN. We sought to assess whether discharge with enteral nutrition (DCEN) was independently associated with increased hospital readmissions and to assess the frequency of DCEN in our hospital.Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all hospital discharges from a tertiary care hospital between 7/2017 and 12/2019. The primary and secondary outcomes were 30- and 90-day readmissions respectively. We evaluated demographic and clinical characteristics of patients, nutrition status, and readmissions as reported in the electronic health record per hospital encounter. Logistic regressions were performed for 30- and 90-day readmissions based on DCEN.Results Of 80,080 hospital encounters, 2527 (3.2%) encounters resulted in discharge with EN. 30-day readmissions occurred in 22.8% of encounters with DCEN and 12.5% of encounters without (p  less then  0.001). 90-day readmissions occurred in 35.1% and 20.4% of encounters with and without DCEN respectively (p  less then  0.001). The unadjusted odds ratio for 30-day readmissions for encounters with DCEN was 2.07 (CI 1.88-2.28). When adjusted for age, race, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and malnutrition co-diagnosis, the odds ratio was 1.40 (CI 1.27-1.55).Conclusions Patients with DCEN have a significantly higher likelihood of 30- and 90-day readmission. Targeted interventions and improved post-discharge care for this identified high-risk population may decrease hospital readmissions.[Box see text].One of the current main public health problems is the prevalence of obesity in children. Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors such as poor dietary habits, high sedentary screen time (SST), and low levels of physical activity (PA) have a strong tendency to track from childhood into adulthood. The aim of this manuscript is to assess the association between meeting or not meeting the PA and SST recommendations and the consumption of different food groups. Data were obtained from a sample of European adolescents from the multicenter cross-sectional HELENA study. In all, 1448 adolescents from 8 cities were included. PA was objectively measured by accelerometry and dietary intake by 24-hour dietary records. Adolescents were grouped according to PA and SST recommendations. In both sexes, intake of savory snacks was higher in those groups who did not meet any of the recommendations (p  less then  0.05). For males, those who met both recommendations were more likely to drink/eat milk, yogurt, and water (p  less then  0.05). Those not meeting recommendations were more likely to drink sugar-sweetened beverages (p  less then  0.