Pughmarquez2743
Approximately 50% of cancer patients eventually develop a syndrome of prolonged weight loss(cachexia), which may contribute to primary resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICI). This study utilised radiomics analysis of
F-FDG-PET/CT images to predict risk of cachexia that can be subsequently associated with clinical outcomes among advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) patients treated with ICI.
Baseline(pre-therapy) PET/CT images and clinical data were retrospectively curated from 210 ICI-treated NSCLC patients from two institutions. A radiomics signature was developed to predict the cachexia with PET/CT images, which was further used to predict durable clinical benefit(DCB), progression-free survival(PFS) and overall survival(OS) following ICI.
The radiomics signature predicted risk of cachexia with areas under receiver operating characteristics curves (AUCs) ≥ 0.74 in the training, test, and external test cohorts. Further, the radiomics signature could identify patients with DCB from ICI with AUCs≥0.66 in these three cohorts. PFS and OS were significantly shorter among patients with higher radiomics-based cachexia probability in all three cohorts, especially among those potentially immunotherapy sensitive patients with PD-L1-positive status (p < 0.05).
PET/CT radiomics analysis has the potential to predict the probability of developing cachexia before the start of ICI, triggering aggressive monitoring to improve potential to achieve more clinical benefit.
PET/CT radiomics analysis has the potential to predict the probability of developing cachexia before the start of ICI, triggering aggressive monitoring to improve potential to achieve more clinical benefit.
MMR proficient (pMMR) colorectal cancer (CRC) is usually unresponsive to immunotherapy. Recent data suggest that ibrutinib may enhance the anti-tumour activity of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. In this study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of ibrutinib plus pembrolizumab in refractory metastatic CRC.
This was a phase 1/2 study in patients with refractory metastatic pMMR CRC. The primary endpoints for phases 1 and 2 were maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and disease control rate, respectively. The secondary endpoints were safety, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).
A total of 40 patients were enrolled. No dose-limiting toxicity was observed, and MTD was not identified. The highest tested dose of ibrutinib, 560 mg once daily, was combined with a fixed dose of pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks for the phase 2 portion. The most common grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events were anaemia (21%), fatigue (8%) and elevated alkaline phosphatase (8%). Among 31 evaluable patients, 8 (26%) achieved stable disease, and no objective response was observed. The median PFS and OS were 1.4 and 6.6 months, respectively.
Ibrutinib 560 mg daily plus pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks appears to be well tolerated with limited anti-cancer activity in metastatic CRC. CLINICALTRIALS.
NCT03332498.
NCT03332498.Modern humans expanded into Eurasia more than 40,000 years ago following their dispersal out of Africa. These Eurasians carried ~2-3% Neanderthal ancestry in their genomes, originating from admixture with Neanderthals that took place sometime between 50,000 and 60,000 years ago, probably in the Middle East. In Europe, the modern human expansion preceded the disappearance of Neanderthals from the fossil record by 3,000-5,000 years. The genetic makeup of the first Europeans who colonized the continent more than 40,000 years ago remains poorly understood since few specimens have been studied. Here, we analyse a genome generated from the skull of a female individual from Zlatý kůň, Czechia. We found that she belonged to a population that appears to have contributed genetically neither to later Europeans nor to Asians. Her genome carries ~3% Neanderthal ancestry, similar to those of other Upper Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers. However, the lengths of the Neanderthal segments are longer than those observed in the currently oldest modern human genome of the ~45,000-year-old Ust'-Ishim individual from Siberia, suggesting that this individual from Zlatý kůň is one of the earliest Eurasian inhabitants following the expansion out of Africa.Peer reviewing is a key mechanism underlying science publishing, but during their graduate training clinicians and researchers are unlikely to be taught the skill. This paper sets forth the art of peer reviewing in general, and the types of reviews that are most useful to the Editors of Spinal Cord (SC). The topics addressed are the SC editorial process; the role of the referee; review process steps; the content and language of a review; and resources available to peer reviewers.
Population-based cohort study for the western part of Quebec.
To determine the impact of declining to participate in a national spinal cord injury (SCI) registry on patient outcomes and continuum of care.
Level-1 trauma center specialized in SCI care in Montreal, Canada.
This cohort study compared the outcomes of 444 patients who were enrolled in the Rick Hansen SCI registry and 140 patients who refused. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between voluntary participation and the outcomes, while adjusting for confounding factors. The main outcomes were attendance to follow-up 6- to 12-month post injury, 1-year mortality, and the occurrence of pressure injury during acute care.
Declining to be enrolled in the registry was a significant predictor of lower attendance to specialized follow-up (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.02-0.08). It was also associated with a higher 1-year mortality rate (OR 12.50, CI 4.50-33.30) and higher occurrence of pressure injury (OR 2.56, CI 1.56-4.17).
This study sheds invaluable insight on individuals that researchers and clinicians are usually blind to in SCI cohort studies. This study suggests that decline to participate in a registry during the care hospitalization may be associated with worsened health, poorer outcomes, and reduced follow-up to specialized care. Declining the enrollment to voluntary registry could represent a potential prognostic factor for future research.
This study sheds invaluable insight on individuals that researchers and clinicians are usually blind to in SCI cohort studies. This study suggests that decline to participate in a registry during the care hospitalization may be associated with worsened health, poorer outcomes, and reduced follow-up to specialized care. Declining the enrollment to voluntary registry could represent a potential prognostic factor for future research.
Qualitative study using in-depth interviews.
To describe experienced barriers and facilitators for work and social participation among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).
Vocational rehabilitation (VR) center in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia.
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 participants (8 males, 4 females) aged 24-67 years. Five participants still underwent vocational rehabilitation, while seven participants lived in the community. Thematic analysis was used.
None of the participants who worked before the injury returned to her/his previous occupation, most participants became self-employed. The frequency of participation in social activities decreased substantially. Barriers for work and social participation included health conditions and environmental barriers, including inaccessibility, stigma and discrimination and limited institutional support and services. Identified facilitators for work and social participation were perceived importance of work and social participants with the market, in collaboration with the private sector and industries. Immediate policy and programmatic action is needed to enable these individuals to enhance sustainable work and social participation.Aging women face increased risks of both breast cancer and spinal cord injury (SCI). ART558 Unique treatment challenges for this population warrant consideration. Despite advances in breast cancer treatments, significant adverse health outcomes continue to occur. Cancer treatments can be detrimental to the quality of life of able-bodied women, but more so for women living with pre-existing SCI. The goal of this Perspective Paper is to inform rehabilitation professionals about the needs of women with SCI treated for breast cancer. Specific objectives were (1) give an overview of breast cancer treatment-related adverse outcomes that need special attention in women with SCI; and (2) inspire researchers to study the consequences of breast cancer-related health conditions in women with SCI. We identified SCI-specific considerations for undergoing breast cancer surgery, chemotherapy, radiation and endocrine therapy. This paper attempts to raise awareness regarding these issues due to the lack of research attention they have received.
The prevalence of anemia has remained high among Indian adolescent girls over the past decade, despite the ongoing iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation program. This study was conducted to assess the impact of daily supplementation of a package of IFA with vitamin B
on hemoglobin levels among adolescent girls.
A community-based cluster-randomized trial was conducted in the rural block of Faridabad District, Haryana, India in the year 2017. A total of 760 adolescent girls in the age group of 12-19 years with mild and moderate anemia were selected from government schools. Daily-supervised administration of iron and folic acid was conducted for 90 days experimental group-IFA (iron (60 mg), folic acid (500) mcg), and cyanocobalamin (1000 mcg), control group-IFA and placebo. Hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and vitamin B
levels were assessed at baseline and endline.
Two-hundred adolescent girls completed 90 doses of daily supplementation. The mean hemoglobin (experimental group 1.3 ± 1.0 g/dL, control gremoglobin levels among adolescent girls. The present study does not recommend provision of vitamin B12 for prevention and treatment of anemia in this population group.
Previous studies assessed the link between plant based diet and breast cancer risk rather than healthy and unhealthy plant based diet. This study examined the relation between plant-based dietary pattern and risk of breast cancer among Iranian women.
This hospital-based case-control study was conducted among 412 women with pathologically confirmed breast cancer within the past year and 456 apparently healthy controls. Dietary data were collected using a validated and reliable 168-item FFQ. We created three patterns including overall plant-based diet index (PDI), a healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), and an unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI). The risk of breast cancer was compared across quartiles of PDI, hPDI, and uPDI.
we did not find significant association between adherence to PDI and uPDI score and odds of breast cancer among women. However, a greater score of hPDI was inversely associated to the risk of breast cancer (OR 0.63; 95% CI 0.43-0.93, P = 0.01), in the crude model. After adjustment for age and energy, we saw stronger association between breast cancer risk and higher hPDI score (OR 0.55; 95% CI 0.37-0.82, P = 0.002). After stratified by menopausal status, we did not find significant association between PDI and uPDI score and risk of breast cancer. However, pre- and postmenopausal women in the highest quartile of hPDI score had lower risk of breast cancer than those in the lowest quartile.
we found an inverse significant association between hPDI and odds of breast cancer in the whole population of study. After stratifying by menopausal status, this correlation was also seen both in pre and postmenopausal women.
we found an inverse significant association between hPDI and odds of breast cancer in the whole population of study. After stratifying by menopausal status, this correlation was also seen both in pre and postmenopausal women.
