Puggaardmclamb9048

Corneal staining grades increased in all subgroups, and the changes were particularly larger in the older group (p = 0.038). The increase in ocular symptom scores was larger in the dry-eye group (p = 0.08) and in the older group (p = 0.016). The decrease in tear break-up time and ocular symptom scores after watching UHD TV was significantly correlated with tear break-up time.

Tear break-up time significantly decreased in non-dry-eye subjects after watching UHD TV. Subjective ocular discomfort increased significantly in subjects over the age of 50 and in participants with dry-eye syndrome.

Tear break-up time significantly decreased in non-dry-eye subjects after watching UHD TV. Subjective ocular discomfort increased significantly in subjects over the age of 50 and in participants with dry-eye syndrome.

To evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with intermittent exotropia who exhibited a dramatic decrease in ocular deviation 1 day before surgery.

This study retrospectively enrolled patients with intermittent exotropia who underwent surgery between December 2013 and December 2019. Those who exhibited a decrease in ocular alignment ≥10 prism diopters (PD) at the last examination (1 day before surgery) compared with the largest previous angle of deviation were included. A monocular occlusion test was performed to re-confirm the largest angle of ocular deviation.

Among 547 patients with intermittent exotropia, 10 (six females; mean age, 8.6 years) exhibited a dramatic decrease in ocular deviation before impending surgery. The mean largest angle of deviation was 31.0 PD (range, 20 to 50 PD) at distance and 34.5 PD (range, 20 to 55 PD) at near. The mean control scores using the LACTOSE (Look and Cover then Ten Seconds of Observation Scale for Exotropia) scoring system were 2.5 at distance, 1.8 at near, and 4.3 when combined. Mean ocular deviation prior to the impending surgery decreased to 7.4 PD (range, 0 to 10 PD) at distance and 6.2 PD (range, -10 to 10 PD) at near. The largest angle of ocular deviation was re-confirmed using the monocular occlusion test in all patients. All patients underwent surgery as planned, and none exhibited postoperative overcorrection.

A relatively small number of patients with intermittent exotropia exhibited a dramatic decrease in ocular alignment 1 day before surgery but demonstrated a relatively better level of control. The monocular occlusion test was helpful in re-confirming the largest angle of ocular deviation.

A relatively small number of patients with intermittent exotropia exhibited a dramatic decrease in ocular alignment 1 day before surgery but demonstrated a relatively better level of control. The monocular occlusion test was helpful in re-confirming the largest angle of ocular deviation.

To explore the clinical characteristics and profiles of newly diagnosed glaucoma subtypes in urban Korea.

All newly diagnosed glaucoma patients enrolled in the participating ophthalmology outpatient clinics were included. A review of medical history including family history of glaucoma was conducted. The patients underwent complete ophthalmologic examinations including visual field test. The diagnosis of glaucoma was based on the International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology criteria developed by glaucoma specialists.

A total of 198,671 patients visited the participating ophthalmology outpatient clinics during the study period (from January 1, 2001 to June 30, 2016), of which 5,530 (2.8%) were diagnosed with glaucoma. The mean age of the newly diagnosed glaucoma patients was 52.0 ± 17.3 years (range, 6 to 89) and 2,830 patients were male (51.2%). The mean untreated intraocular pressure and vertical cup-to-disc ratio of the optic nerve head of newly diagnosed glaucoma eyes were 22.1 ± 10.6 mmHg and 0.66 ± 0.22, respectively. The most frequently observed subtypes of glaucoma were normal tension glaucoma (33.0%) primary open-angle glaucoma (28.4%), ocular hypertension (11.1%), chronic angle-closure glaucoma (6.8%), neovascular glaucoma (5.2%), glaucoma associated with inflammation (3.8%), acute angle-closure glaucoma (3.3%), and glaucoma associated with aphakia or pseudophakia (2.2%).

Normal tension glaucoma was the most frequently observed glaucoma subtype in urban ophthalmology outpatient clinics in Korea.

Normal tension glaucoma was the most frequently observed glaucoma subtype in urban ophthalmology outpatient clinics in Korea.

To evaluate the effects of each subgroup of prostaglandin analogues (PGAs) on central corneal thickness (CCT) in patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG).

We retrospectively reviewed 55 eyes of 55 patients with NTG who were receiving PGA therapy. Patients who were treated with 0.005% latanoprost (16 eyes), 0.0015% tafluprost (16 eyes), or 0.004% travoprost (23 eyes) monotherapy were included. CCT assessments were performed at baseline and 1, 2, and 3 years after initiation of treatment.

In the NTG group, the mean CCT showed a decreasing trend, and there was a significant difference in mean CCT at 1, 2, and 3 years compared with baseline (baseline, 538.16 ± 32.14; 1 year, 526.55 ± 37.30 µm [p = 0.00]; 2 years, 521.67 ± 36.79 µm [p = 0.00]; 3 years, 520.43 ± 36.88 µm [p = 0.00]). The reduction of CCT was confirmed by subgroup analysis. In the 0.005% latanoprost group, mean CCT was decreased at 1 year (p = 0.11), 2 years (p = 0.00), and 3 years (p = 0.02). In the 0.0015% tafluprost group and the 0.004% travoprost group, mean CCT was also significantly decreased at all years (p = 0.00). No statistical difference was observed between the NTG subgroups (p = 0.06).

Topical therapy with PGAs appeared to cause a significant decrease in CCT reduction in patients with NTG. A long-term follow-up study including more participants is needed.

Topical therapy with PGAs appeared to cause a significant decrease in CCT reduction in patients with NTG. A long-term follow-up study including more participants is needed.Several studies have reported the pathophysiologic and molecular mechanisms responsible for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, the in situ evidence of collagen V (Col V) and interleukin-17 (IL-17)/interleukin-6 (IL-6) activation in PAH has not been fully elucidated. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/CX-3543.html We analyzed the effects of collagen I (Col I), Col V, IL-6, and IL-17 on vascular remodeling and hemodynamics and its possible mechanisms of action in monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH. Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups. In the PAH group, animals received MCT 60 mg/kg intraperitoneally, whereas the control group (CTRL) received saline. On day 21, the pulmonary blood pressure (PAP) and right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) were determined. Lung histology (smooth muscle cell proliferation [α-smooth muscle actin; α-SMA] and periadventitial fibrosis), immunofluorescence (Col I, Col V, and α-SMA), immunohistochemistry (IL-6, IL-17, and transforming growth factor-beta [TGF-β]), and transmission electron microscopy to detect fibronexus were evaluated.