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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported as biomarkers for various diseases, including cerebral atherosclerosis (AS). In the present study, whether serum microRNA-137 (miR-137) could be used as a biomarker for diagnosing cerebral AS and predicting cerebrovascular event was investigated. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the expression of miR-137 in serum. Logistic analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors for the occurrence of cerebral AS, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to estimate the diagnostic value of miR-137 and other risk factors for AS occurrence. Furthermore, the prognostic value of miR-137 for AS patients was estimated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis. The results indicated that serum miR-137 levels were decreased in patients with cerebral AS. The expression of miR-137 was negatively correlated with total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in patients with cerebral AS. The levels of miRn independent prognostic marker for the prediction of cerebrovascular event occurrence in cerebral AS patients. In conclusions, our findings indicate that serum miR-137 levels are decreased in cerebral AS patients, and may be a new biomarker for diagnosing cerebral AS and predicting cerebrovascular events.

Aquaporins(AQPs) are a group of membrane proteins related to water permeability. Studies have shown AQPs play a vital role in various diseases. Whether AQPs participate in regulating vascular permeability after sepsis and the subtype of AQPs is related are unknown. Ss-31, as a new antioxidant, had protective effects on a variety of diseases. However, whether Ss-31 has a protective effect on pulmonary vascular permeability in sepsis and whether its effect is related to AQPs is unclear. Using the cecum ligation puncture (CLP) induced septic rat and LPS treated pulmonary vein endothelial cells(PVECs), the role of AQPs in the regulation of the permeability of pulmonary vascular, and its relationship to Ss-31 were studied. The results showed that the pulmonary vascular permeability significantly increased after sepsis, meanwhile the expressions of AQP3, 4, and 12 increased. Among those, the AQP3 was closely correlated with pulmonary vascular permeability. Inhibition of AQP3 antagonized the increase of the permealonged survival of sepsis rats. In conclusion, AQP3 participates in the regulation of pulmonary vascular permeability after sepsis, and the antioxidant Ss-31 has a protective effect on pulmonary vascular permeability by down-regulating the expression of AQP3 and inhibiting ROS production.

Tourette syndrome (TS) and co-occurring mental, behavioral, and developmental disorders (MBDDs) have been shown to affect peer relationships. This study provides nationally representative estimates of diagnosed TS prevalence and the prevalence of parent-reported bullying victimization and perpetration among US children with and without TS.

This study included 2016-2017 National Survey of Children's Health data on children aged 6 to 17 years (N = 51,001) with parent-reported responses about TS diagnosis and their child's experiences with bullying victimization and perpetration. We calculated weighted prevalence estimates of diagnosed TS and of bullying indicators among children ever diagnosed with TS compared with peers without TS. We conducted a logistic regression analysis to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios of bullying involvement by TS status, controlling for age, sex, and co-occurring MBDDs.

By parent report, 0.3% of US children had ever received a diagnosis of TS; most children with a TS diagnosis (83.2%) had a co-occurring MBDD. Among children with TS, 56.1% experienced bullying victimization, 20.7% experienced bullying perpetration, and 15.9% experienced both, compared with 21.6%, 6.0%, and 4.1% for children without TS, respectively. After adjusting for age, sex, and co-occurring MBDDs, only the association between TS and bullying victimization remained statistically significant.

Compared with children without TS, children with TS overall experience more bullying victimization and perpetration. Health care professionals treating children with TS could assess challenges with peer relationships and co-occurring disorders to provide targeted support and referral.

Compared with children without TS, children with TS overall experience more bullying victimization and perpetration. Health care professionals treating children with TS could assess challenges with peer relationships and co-occurring disorders to provide targeted support and referral.

Serratia marcescens is a frequent ocular bacterial pathogen implicated in keratitis, endophthalmitis, and conjunctivitis. We evaluated the risk factors and treatment outcomes of ocular infections due to S. marcescens.

In this retrospective observational study, all S. marcescens-positive cases between February 2002 and February 2020 were reviewed for ocular risk factors that included log of minimal angle of resolution visual acuity (VA), medical management, and time to epithelial defect closure.

Fifty-one patients were identified (72.5% females, 46.8±23.3 years). Forty-six patients had complete medical records, and 5 had microbiology data available. The most prevalent ocular risk factors were, contact lens (CL) use (68.6%), corneal disease (52.9%), and history of ocular surgery (41.2%). Mean presenting VA was 1.3±1.0. About half of the patients presented with a central ulcer (49%, 25), large infiltrate (20.4±31.8 mm2 mean), and hypopyon (43.1%, 22). All cases were reported to be susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Defect closure occurred in 52.3±117.1 days and final VA was 0.86±0.88. Adjunctive treatments were required in 14 cases (27.5%). One patient underwent surgical intervention. Features associated with poor VA outcomes included, history of glaucoma (P=0.038), older age at presentation (P<0.001), presence of hypopyon (0.045), poor VA at presentation (0.0086), time to epithelial defect closure (0.0196), and large infiltrate size (P=0.0345).

S. marcescens keratitis and conjunctivitis is associated with CL use and history of ocular surface disease. Worse outcomes were associated with older age, infiltrate size, presence of hypopyon, worse initial VA, longer time to epithelial defect closure, and history of glaucoma.

S. marcescens keratitis and conjunctivitis is associated with CL use and history of ocular surface disease. Worse outcomes were associated with older age, infiltrate size, presence of hypopyon, worse initial VA, longer time to epithelial defect closure, and history of glaucoma.

To present the cannula vacuuming maneuver (CVM) in the Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) and to investigate the efficacy of CVM in reducing the unfolding time (UT) of the graft in cases with an unstable anterior chamber (AC).

Forty-four eyes of 44 patients, who underwent DMEK at the ophthalmology clinic of a training and research hospital, were included in this retrospective study. Surgical videos and patient charts were examined retrospectively. In 21 cases, only no-touch technique maneuvers were used (group 1), and in 23 cases, CVM was used in addition to the no-touch technique (group 2). Demographic data, the status of AC, graft diameter, width, and formation of graft rolls and UT were recorded and compared between the groups. The causes of increased UT and the reason for using CVM were investigated in group 2.

Although an unstable AC was observed more frequently in group 2, the difference between the groups was not statistically significant (P=0.054). Unfolding time of rolls in group 2 was significantly shorter than group 1 (P=0.040).

Cannula vacuuming maneuver shortens the UT of the graft roll in the AC and facilitates the graft unfolding maneuvers in complicated cases.

Cannula vacuuming maneuver shortens the UT of the graft roll in the AC and facilitates the graft unfolding maneuvers in complicated cases.

To identify the most suitable parameters to describe keratoconus progression.

Longitudinal retrospective cohort study. Monotonicity and consistency of over 250 parameters extracted from the Pentacam tomographies (Oculus, Germany) of 743 patients was analyzed. Repeatability was calculated for 69 patients (published elsewhere). The parameters were scored based on their performance for each desired feature and a global ranking was created.

Overall, parameters that average a higher number of corneal points performed better than single-point parameters. Zonal keratometries on areas surrounding the maximum curvature point and the steepest front keratometry performed best, followed by front best-fit sphere and mean keratometry of both surfaces. A-366 nmr Platform-dependent indices (e.g., Belin-Ambrósio Deviation- or index height decentration-) obtained good scores, but platform-independent LOGIK performed slightly better. Finally, although minimum radius in both surfaces worked competently, minimum pachymetry (PachyMin) performed considerably poorer.

We presented a list of parameters whose behavior was repeatable, monotonic and consistent, features desirable to describe change. The parameters normally used to follow keratoconus progression may not be the most adequate, as evidenced by the poor performance of PachyMin. Although calculated for a specific Scheimpflug device, most of the best-performing parameters are platform-independent variables, and results may be generalized, pending validation.

We presented a list of parameters whose behavior was repeatable, monotonic and consistent, features desirable to describe change. The parameters normally used to follow keratoconus progression may not be the most adequate, as evidenced by the poor performance of PachyMin. Although calculated for a specific Scheimpflug device, most of the best-performing parameters are platform-independent variables, and results may be generalized, pending validation.

To estimate the incidence of microbial keratitis in children wearing overnight orthokeratology lenses in Moscow, Russia.

To estimate the number of children wearing overnight orthokeratology lenses in 2018, 1,368 patient records from 13 Doctors Lens clinics were selected at random and extrapolated to the entire patient base. To identify cases of microbial keratitis, all episodes of infiltrative keratitis from Morozovskaya City Children's Clinical Hospital in 2018 were recorded and adjudicated by three experienced ophthalmologists. Incidence was calculated as the number of cases divided by the estimated number of wearers.

There were 23,049 overnight orthokeratology fits between 2010 and 2018. Among the 1,368 records surveyed, 1,078 (79%) were younger than 18 years at initial fitting. Based on a 7% or 10% annual discontinuation rate, the estimated number of children wearing lenses in 2018 was 10,307 or 9,422, respectively. During 2018, there were 139 cases of corneal infiltrative keratitis in children and 45 were adjudicated as microbial keratitis (32%). Of these, 20 cases were associated with contact lens wear (44%) 15 soft lens wearers (33%) and 5 overnight orthokeratology wearers (11%). Based on the 5 cases and assuming a 7% or 10% discontinuation rate, the annual incidence is 4.9 (95% confidence interval[CI] 2.1-11.4) or 5.3 (95% CI 2.3-12.4) per 10,000 patient years.

The incidence of microbial keratitis in children wearing overnight orthokeratology is lower than a previous United States study and similar to rates associated with use of daily wear soft contact lenses.

The incidence of microbial keratitis in children wearing overnight orthokeratology is lower than a previous United States study and similar to rates associated with use of daily wear soft contact lenses.