Pruittallred5068

Differential phase contrast (DPC) in scanning transmission electron microscopy can be used to visualize electric field distributions within specimens in real space. However, for electric field mapping in crystalline specimens, the concomitant diffraction contrast is seriously problematic. In particular, for heterostructures with large lattice distortions, such as GaN-based semiconductor devices, the diffraction contrast cannot be reduced using conventional methods such as DPC image acquisition under off-axis conditions. In the present study, the electric field imaging of heterostructures is shown to suppress the diffraction contrast by averaging multiple DPC signals, obtained under various beam-tilt conditions near the zone axis. The remaining diffraction contrast was quantitatively estimated through simulations. This technique was demonstrated to enable the quantitative evaluation of electric field distributions across GaN/AlGaN multi-heterostructures, with errors possibly attributed to the residual diffraction contrast.The birthweight after frozen embryo transfer (FET) was significantly higher compared with fresh embryo transfer (fresh ET), while the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we transferred vitrified-warmed or fresh mice blastocysts into pseudopregnant recipients (n = 11 each group) produced by natural mating to avoid the influence of superovulation. The fetal weight, placental weight, placental efficiency and placental architecture were studied at E18.5. Placental RNA-Seq analysis was used to identify candidate different lncRNAs and mRNAs between the FET group and the fresh ET group. We found that the fetal weight was increased in the FET group, with increased placental efficiency and the proportion of placental function related labyrinth zone area. 554 lncRNAs and 1012 mRNAs were differentially expressed. KEGG and GO enrichment analyses showed these differentially expressed lncRNAs and their targeted mRNAs might be related to placental morphogenesis. Furthermore, the most differentially expressed 15 lncRNAs and 15 mRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR, we found the LncRNA embryonic stem cells expressed 1 (Lncenc1) was significantly decreased, and Gjb5, which played an important role in labyrinth zone development, was increased. Gjb5 protein increase was further confirmed by Western blot. Lncenc1 and Gjb5 had 48 predicted co-targeted miRNAs, while the correlation analysis of Lncenc1 and Gjb5 mRNA showed a significant inverse correlation. The results showed that FET treatment might enhance the placental function to increase mouse fetal weight via the network diagram of Lncenc1-miRNA-Gjb5.Cascade reactions are often 'employed' by nature to construct structurally diverse nitrogen-containing heterocycles in a highly stereoselective fashion, i.e., secondary metabolites important for pharmacy. Nitrogen-containing heterocycles of three- and four-membered rings, as standalone and bicyclic compounds, inhibit different enzymes and are pharmacophores of approved drugs or drug candidates considered in many therapies, e.g. anticancer, antibacterial or antiviral. Domino transformations are in most cases in line with modern green chemistry concepts due to atom economy, one-pot procedures often without use the protective groups, time-saving and at markedly lower costs than multistep transformations. The tandem approaches can help to obtain novel N-heterocyclic scaffolds, functionalized according to structural requirements of the target in cells, taking into account the nature of functional group and stereochemistry. On the other hand cascade strategies allow to modify small N-heterocyclic rings in a systematic way, which is beneficial for structure-activity relationship (SAR) analyses. This review is focused on the biological relevance of the N-heterocyclic scaffolds with smaller 3- and 4-membered rings among approved drugs and leading structures of drug candidates. The cascade synthetic strategies offering N-heterocyclic scaffolds, at relatively good yields and high stereoselectivity, are discussed here. The review covers mainly years from 2015 to 2021.Pyrethroids are increasingly receiving attention as aqueous micropollutants, but their presence has been reported only in a few small coastal areas. In this study, we investigated the distribution, sources, and risks of nine pyrethroids in large marine zones. The 40 seawater samples were collected from the South Yellow Sea (SYS) and East China Sea (ECS) in China, during the spring of 2020, using a high-volume, solid-phase extraction method. this website The total pyrethroid concentrations ranged from 0.72 to 1.82 ng L-1 in the SYS and from 0.02 to 11.0 ng L-1 in the ECS. We used cluster analysis to classify pollutant sources into five categories, and discussed the influence of sources on the transport and distribution of pyrethroids in each group. Ecological risk assessment indicated that pyrethroids pose a high risk to crustaceans and a negligible risk to others. These results are important for understanding the behavior of pyrethroids in marine environments.In this study, surface sediments of the Pearl River Estuary were collected from 29 stations and investigated the spatial distribution, pollution level, quantitative source apportionment, and source-specific ecological risk of 10 heavy metals. The mean concentrations followed the order of Mn > Zn > Cr > Cu > Ni > Pb > As > Co > Cd > Hg. In terms of spatial distribution, it showed that the heavy metals were enriched in the inner Pearl River Estuary with 'extremely high' level of Hg, whereas, Cd and Zn posed 'moderate to high' contamination potential. We apportioned four main sources using positive matrix factorization model, in which natural geogenic and industrial manufacturing sources accounted for 36.84% and 27.11% of the total, respectively. However, the source-specific risk assessment suggested that mixed anthropogenic sources were the main contributors, and ecological risks were strongly affected by anthropogenic imports from the surrounding cities.The pollution characteristics, potential sources, and potential ecological risk of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were investigated in the Hangzhou Bay (HZB) and East China Sea (ECS). Total OCPs concentration ranged from 2.62 to 102.07 ng/L and 4.41 to 75.79 μg/kg in the seawater and sediment samples, with PCBs concentration in the range of 0.40-51.75 ng/L and 0.80-45.54 μg/kg, respectively. The OCPs were positively correlated with nutrients, whereas PCBs presented a negative correlation. The newly imported dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in HZB is mainly the mixing of technical DDT and dicofol sources. The PCB source composition is more likely related to the mixture of Kanechlor 300, 400, Aroclor 1016, 1242, and Aroclor 1248. Risk assessment results indicate that OCPs posed low risk in seawater. The potential risk of DDTs in the sediments is a cause of concern.Microplastic abundance and characteristics were assessed in five decapod crustaceans purchased from seafood markets and collected in coastal waters around Australia (South Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Northern Territory, and Western Australia). Three species of prawns (king, banana and tiger prawns) and two species of crabs (blue-swimmer and mud crabs) were analysed. Muscle tissues and gastro-intestinal tracts in prawns, and gastro-intestinal tracts in crabs, were chemically digested, with microplastic identification verified using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. Forty-eight percent of crustaceans contained microplastics. Prawns and crabs had 0.8 ± 0.1 and 1.6 ± 0.1 pieces per individual, respectively, with spatial patterns evident. Microplastics were predominantly fibres (98%) of blue (58%) and black (24%) colours with polyolefin including polyester the most prevalent polymers. Overall, compared to a systematic review we performed of microplastics in decapod crustaceans worldwide, microplastic loads in crustaceans from Australia were in the lower range of plastic contamination.Targeted and controlled techniques of intratumoral delivery of chemotherapeutic agents are under extensive development, since they diminish detrimental side-effects of conventional anticancer drugs. We investigated the effectiveness of chemotherapy using bleomycin (1 mg/ml) and Sonovue microbubbles combined with electroporation (EP), mainly designed for subcutaneous tumor therapy, and sonoporation (SP) - for deeper localized tumors. Research was performed on hepatoma MH-22A tumors in murine models, exposed to EP or SP and combined (EP + SP) treatment. Animal survival time and the rate/ speed of tumor growth reduction were examined. Study demonstrated that both EP or SP and their combination (EP + SP) were able to induce the reduction of tumor volume from the 3rd day after treatment. The employment of EP before SP allowed to significantly reduce the values of inertial cavitation dose (ICD), necessary to induce complete tumor reduction and prolong animal survival. The analysis of ultrasound (US) side-scattered signals and B-scan imaging indicated the occurrence of inertial cavitation at our experimental conditions. Strong (R2 = 0.88; p less then 0.0001) correlation of ICD with the survival time of corresponding unrecovered mice indicates the option for the dosimetric control and standardization of cavitation activities for in vivo practice.

Physician diagnoses of abusive head trauma (AHT) have been criticized for circular reasoning and over-reliance on a "triad" of findings. Absent a gold standard, analyses that apply restrictive reference standards for AHT and non-AHT could serve to confirm or refute these criticisms.

To compare clinical presentations and injuries in patients with witnessed/admitted AHT vs. witnessed non-AHT, and with witnessed/admitted AHT vs. physician diagnosed AHT not witnessed/admitted. To measure the triad's AHT test performance in patients with witnessed/admitted AHT vs. witnessed non-AHT.

Acutely head injured patients <3years hospitalized for intensive care across 18 sites between 2010 and 2021.

Secondary analyses of existing, combined, cross-sectional datasets. Probability values and odds ratios were used to identify and characterize differences. Test performance measures included sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values.

Compared to patients with witnessed non-AHT (n=100), patients with witnessed/amed by knowledge of previously reported injury patterns. Concern for abuse is justified in patients who present with "the triad."

The observed differences in patients with witnessed/admitted AHT vs. witnessed non-AHT substantiate prior reports. The complete absence of differences in patients with witnessed/admitted AHT vs. physician diagnosed AHT not witnessed/admitted supports an impression that physicians apply diagnostic reasoning informed by knowledge of previously reported injury patterns. Concern for abuse is justified in patients who present with "the triad."

COVID-19 related distress has been shown to have negative associations with family well-being.

To determine the immediate impact of acute COVID-19 infection on maternal well-being and parenting practices among Brazilian families.

We studied 2'579 mothers (29'913 observations) of young children from vulnerable neighborhoods in Boa Vista, Brazil over 12months.

We monitored family health and caregiving behavior including the incidence of COVID-19 infections in the surveyed households through bi-weekly phone interviews over 50weeks, from June 2020 to May 2021. Primary outcomes were home-based child stimulation, positive parenting behavior, and parenting stress. We used fixed effects panel regressions to estimate the impact of household COVID-19 infections on parenting outcomes.

Over the study period, 441 participants (17.1%; 831 (3.0%) observations) reported at least 1 positive COVID-19 infection in their household. Household COVID-19 infections significantly reduced home-based stimulation by 0.10 SDs (95%CI -0.