Pritcharddudley1077

The pooled mortality of PM was 57.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 51.7-62.6%). Mortality improved significantly over time (72.1% versus 58.3% versus 49.8% for studies before 2000, 2000-2009, and 2010-2020, respectively, p 0.00001). This improved survival was confirmed in meta-regression after adjusting for the study design, the country's income level, and the sample size. Combined medical-surgical therapy was associated with a significantly lower RD (95%CI) of death -0.32 (-0.49 to -0.16). selleck The disseminated disease had a higher risk of death than isolated PM, but DM was not associated with a higher risk of death than other risk factors.

While PM is still associated with high mortality, we noted improved survival over time. Combined medical-surgical therapy improved survival compared to medical treatment alone.

While PM is still associated with high mortality, we noted improved survival over time. Combined medical-surgical therapy improved survival compared to medical treatment alone.

To compare the gender distribution of clinical trial leadership in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) clinical trials.

We searched https//clinicaltrials.gov/ and retrieved all clinical trials on COVID-19 from 1 January 2020 to 26 June 2020. As a comparator group, we have chosen two fields that are not related to emerging infections and infectious diseases and considered not directly affected by the pandemic breast cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and included studies within the aforementioned study period as well as those registered in the preceding year (pre-study period 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019). Gender of the investigator was predicted using the genderize.io application programming interface. The repository of the data sets used to collect and analyse the data are available at https//osf.io/k2r57/.

Only 27.8% (430/1548) of principal investigators among COVID-19-related studies were women, which is significantly different compared with 54.9% (156/284) and 42.1% (56/133) for breastover the same period, which remained similar to the pre-study period. These gender disparities during the pandemic may not only indicate a lack of female leadership in international clinical trials and involvement in new projects but also reveal imbalances in women's access to research activities and funding during health emergencies.

Nocardiosis is a rare infection that is often difficult to treat and may be life-threatening. There is no consensus on its management.

Our aim was to provide the current evidence for the diagnosis and management of individuals with nocardiosis, and to propose a management approach for this uncommon infection.

We systematically searched the medical literature on nocardiosis for studies published between 2010 and 2020 and describing ten or more individuals.

Nocardiosis, a primarily opportunistic infection which may occur in immunocompetent persons, most commonly involves the lungs and frequently disseminates to other sites including the central nervous system. The reference standard for Nocardia species identification is molecular biology, and the preferred method for antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) is broth microdilution. Monotherapy seems appropriate for patients with primary skin nocardiosis or non-severe pulmonary disease; we reserve a multidrug regimen for more severe infections. Species idinate gaps in evidence and suggest future research directions.

We hereby provide the clinician with an easy-to-use algorithm for the management of individuals with nocardiosis. We also illuminate gaps in evidence and suggest future research directions.

To assess the utility of self-reported symptoms in identifying positive coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases among predominantly healthy young adults in a military setting.

A questionnaire regarding COVID-19 symptoms and exposure history was administered to all individuals contacting the Israeli Defence Forces Corona call-centre, before PCR testing. Surveyed symptoms included cough, fever, sore throat, rhinorrhoea, loss of taste or smell, chest pain and gastrointestinal symptoms. Factors were compared between positive and negative cases based on confirmatory test results, and positive likelihood ratios (LR) were calculated. Results were stratified by sex, body mass index, previous medical history and dates of questioning, and a multivariable analysis for association with positive test was conducted.

Of 24362 respondents, 59.1% were men with a median age of 20.5years (interquartile range 19.6-22.4years). Significant positive LRs were associated with loss of taste or smell (LR 3.38, 95% CI 3.01-3.79), suspected exposure (LR 1.33, 95% CI 1.28-1.39) and fever (LR 1.26, 95% CI 1.17-1.36). Those factors were also associated with positive PCR result in a multivariable analysis (OR 3.51, 95% CI 3.04-4.06; OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.65-2.09; and OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.19-1.51, respectively). Reports of loss of taste or smell increased gradually over time and were significantly more frequent during the late period of the study (63/5231, 1.21%; 156/7941, 1.96%; and 1505/11190, 13.45% p<0.001).

Loss of taste or smell, report of a suspicious exposure and fever (>37.5°C) were consistently associated with positive LRs for a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test result, in a population of predominantly young and healthy adults.

37.5°C) were consistently associated with positive LRs for a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test result, in a population of predominantly young and healthy adults.

The proportion of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 that are prescribed antibiotics is uncertain, and may contribute to patient harm and global antibiotic resistance.

The aim was to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of antibiotic prescribing in patients with COVID-19.

We searched MEDLINE, OVID Epub and EMBASE for published literature on human subjects in English up to June 9 2020.

We included randomized controlled trials; cohort studies; case series with ≥10 patients; and experimental or observational design that evaluated antibiotic prescribing.

The study participants were patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, across all healthcare settings (hospital and community) and age groups (paediatric and adult).

The main outcome of interest was proportion of COVID-19 patients prescribed an antibiotic, stratified by geographical region, severity of illness and age. We pooled proportion data using random effects meta-analysis.

We screened 7469 studies, from which 154 were included in the final analysis.