Pricemcmahon5770

Flunixin degradation in soils was relatively slow, exhibiting half-lives of 39-203 days, thus providing time for off-site transport and environmental contamination. The biological impacts of flunixin at environmentally relevant concentrations must be determined given its environmental behavior and extensive use as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug in livestock. Graphical abstract.Identifying environmental consequences of international trade has a crucial role in constructing and planning strategies of any country, especially in developing countries that are currently witnessing a significant increase in trade openness; however, little efforts are made to investigate the environmental consequences of trade openness. The paper attempts to investigate the dynamic relationship between trade openness and environmental pollutants incorporating potential factors affecting environmental quality in 66 developing economies over the period 1971-2017. This article employs the powerful approach two-step generalized method of moment's estimators with a finite sample correction to obtain more accurate inference. The key empirical results are as follows (1) trade openness may be harmful for the environment while confirming the existence of an environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. (2) An increase in pollutants, namely carbon dioxide emissions, ambient particulate matter and nitrous oxide emissions in the previous period, is associated with a rise in pollutants in the future suggesting that if no action in reducing pollutants is taken, environmental quality is worse. (3) Energy consumption, financial development and industrialization have a significant contribution to deteriorating environment. The implications of these results also are discussed and proposed for developing economies in this research.Catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) is a novel, alternative technology to conventional disinfection methods that are widely used to control microbial parameters in drinking water. To assess its effectiveness, new studies revealing the kinetics of MS2 coliphage inactivation by CWPO technology are required. This investigation therefore aimed to perform mathematical modelling of MS2 inactivation through CWPO technology activated by an Al/Fe-pillared clay catalyst (Al/Fe-PILC) in the presence of a synthetic surrogate of dissolved natural organic matter. The inactivation constant was obtained from two different statistical approaches, and the experimental data were better fitted to the pseudo-first-order Chick-Watson model in which the inactivation rate is constant. For this model, the maximum inactivation rate was k = 0.1648 min-1, which was achieved in the MS2-3 catalytic test using an initial mass ratio of peroxide to active iron (Feact) of 1.2 mg H2O2/mg Feact. To estimate the inactivation rate due to reactive oxygen species (ROS), we supposed that the inactivation constant depends on both ROS and Feact. In this case, the maximum inactivation rate due to ROS was kr = 2.4 × 10-9 min-1 (using 1.17 mg H2O2/mg Feact), which was achieved in the MS2-10 trial; both cases led to the conclusion that the optimal initial ratio of peroxide to active Fe in the catalyst in CWPO activated by Al/Fe-PILC was close to 1.2 mg H2O2/mg Feact. These kinetic studies showed that rapid inactivation takes place very early in the reaction, followed by slow inactivation during the remaining period of the recorded reaction time. This research revealed the strong potential of CWPO technology to improve microbiological parameters in drinking water due to the high catalytic performance in the heterogeneous Fenton reaction displayed by Fe sites incorporated in the Al/Fe-PILCs.The technology used in the production and exploration of shale gas creates a new source of clean energy. However, during the processes, large amounts of water-based drilling cuttings (WDC) are generated. Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product from the industry of phosphate fertilizer. Approximately, 5 tons of PG are generated for the production of per ton of phosphoric acid. The pile up of WDC and PG lead to severe risks of nearby soil and surface water. This paper paid attention to the recycling of WDC and PG as major raw materials in the preparation of construction cushion layer. In the research, physical properties, microstructure, and environmental pollution of the road cushion layer prepared from WDC and PG were investigated. The results show that the physical properties of compactness and unconfined compressive strength are basic meet the China national standard. The WDC cushion layer mainly constitutes of AFt, C-S-H, and plate-like Ca(OH)2 around the mineral phases. The leaching test revealed that the contaminants in the layer do not exceed the limits allowed by the "National Overall Discharge Standard of Sewage" (GB 8978-1996). This paper therefore outlines the effects that provide an effective way for the utilization of WDC and PG.The effect of climate warming on soil organic carbon (SOC) of sediment in wetlands is important for accurately projecting SOC content. Thus, understanding the mechanism influencing SOC content under climate warming is necessary. Field investigation and a laboratory incubation experiment were conducted in Hulunbeier steppe wetland during 2016 and 2017. Selleck SB431542 Four types of wetland were selected to incubate with ambient temperature and temperature increased by 2.5 °C. The results showed that SOC content was negatively affected by temperature warming. The SOC content reduction in sediment caused by increasing temperature was ranged from - 2.34 to 39.52%. In addition, the content of sand, silt, total phosphorus (TP), calcium phosphate tribasic (Ca-P), total nitrogen (TN), and sediment moisture (MC) should be considered in models of SOC content in steppe wetland. However, it requires further validation, in particular how SOC content varies with warming temperatures, the duration of incubation, and other abiotic and biotic factors. These findings provide evidence that both climate warming and original characteristics of sediment can control the SOC storage dynamics in the steppe wetland. Graphical abstract.