Pricedodd7275

Many animal species across different taxa change their habitat during their development. An ontogenetic habitat shift enables the development of early vulnerable-to-predation stages in a safe 'nursery' habitat with reduced predation mortality, while less vulnerable stages can exploit a more risky, rich feeding habitat. Therefore, the timing of the habitat shift is crucial for individual fitness. We investigate the effect that size-selectivity in mortality in the rich feeding habitat has on the optimal body size at which to shift between habitats using a population model that incorporates density-dependence. We show that when mortality risk is more size-dependent it is optimal to switch to the risky habitat at a smaller rather than larger body size, despite that individuals can avoid mortality by staying longer in the nursery habitat and growing to safety in size. When size-selectivity in mortality is high, large reproducing individuals are abundant and produce numerous offspring that strongly compete in the nursery habitat. A smaller body size at habitat shift is therefore favored because strong competition reduces growth potential. Our results reveal the interdependence between population structure, density-dependence and life history traits, and highlight the need for integrating ecological feedbacks in the study of life history evolution. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between social capital (SC) and the physical and psychological impact of multiple sclerosis (MS). MATERIALS & METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among people with MS (pwMS) at The Royal London Hospital, London, UK. Participants completed a survey including the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale-29 (MSIS-29), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the self-reported EDSS and a SC questionnaire (SCQ). The SCQ assessed personal relationships, social support networks, civic engagement, and trust and cooperative norms. Kendall's tau correlation test was performed to measure the correlation between SC and MSIS-29 scores and multiple linear regressions were conducted to find the best outcome prediction model. RESULTS 236 pwMS participated in the study. Median age was 43.5 years (IQR 35-52). Of the total, 168 (71.2%) were female and 180 (76.3%) had relapsing-remitting MS. Median MSIS-29 scores were 23.7 (IQR 8.8-57.5) for the physical scale and 38.9 (IQR 16.7-55.6) for the psychological scales. Total SC scores were significantly correlated with the MSIS-29 physical (τb=-0.09, p=0.02) and psychological scores (τb=-0.23, p less then 0.001). After adjusting for possible confounders, the "personal relationships" domain had a significant effect on the MSIS-29 physical scores (β=-2.70, SE=1.34; p=0.045). Total SC (β=-1.08, SE=0.33; p=0.001) and the "personal relationships" (β=-2.60, SE=1.20; p=0.031) and "trust and cooperative norms" (β=-1.40, SE=0.61; p=0.024) domains had a significant effect on the MSIS-29 psychological scores. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of SC were associated with lower physical and psychological impact of MS. Emerging evidence on SC and its effects on MS should be translated into interventions designed to promote the health and well-being of pwMS. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most commonly used analgesics due to their lack of addictive potential. However, NSAIDs have the potential to cause serious gastrointestinal, renal, and cardiovascular adverse events. CYP2C9 polymorphisms influence metabolism and clearance of several drugs in this class, thereby affecting drug exposure and potentially safety. We summarize evidence from the published literature supporting these associations and provide therapeutic recommendations for NSAIDs based on CYP2C9 genotype (updates at www.cpicpgx.org). Taurine supplier This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Biobanks are units where high quality and long-term protection of biomaterials is maintained. This system, in which biological materials and data are systematically recorded and stored, is a unique resource for the study of the pathophysiology of disease, the development of diagnostic biomarkers, and working with human tissues for the potential discovery of targeted therapeutic agents. At this point, the pathology unit plays a unifying and complementary role between the clinical and core disciplines and offers optimal management of the patients' biomaterials for diagnostic and research projects. The aim of this article is to present general information with regard to a biobank constructed for the storage of tumor tissue and blood biospecimens. Ethical issues (informed consent, protection of confidentiality and privacy, and secondary use of biospecimens) and the information technology system (collection, systematic recording, backup and protection of clinical information) are important issues in biobanking. The selection of freezers to be used in storage (mechanical freezers, liquid-vapor nitrogen tanks), and if mechanical freezers are preferred the establishment of the relevant infrastructure and support team (such as additional power units for protection from power outages), the preservation of materials by aliquoting in different freezers, ensuring financing so as to afford the cost of the infrastructure, and implementation of all these dynamics while adhering to international guidelines are of the utmost importance.OBJECTIVE  A systematic search was performed for the identification and analysis of the 100 most often cited articles on dental caries and to highlight the changing trends in the field of dentistry over time. MATERIALS AND METHODS  The search was performed without any restriction on the study design, publication year, or language using the Web of Science (WoS) group of Clarivate Analytics enabling the search through "All Databases." Based on the citation count as available in WoS, the articles were sorted in a descending manner. Information regarding each article was then extracted, which included its authorship, counts of citation (in other databases), citation density, current citation index (2019), publication year, country of publication, journal of article, evidence level based on study design, and keywords description. RESULTS  The count of citation for each article varied in each database, that is, 175 to 2,003 in WoS, 89 to 1,981 in Scopus, and 126 to 3,492 when searched in Google Scholar. The highest number of articles (n = 10) related to dental caries were published in 2004.