Prestonserrano2152
Given the importance of the environment for the development of the theory of mind (ToM) in childhood, as well as the scarcity of studies in low-income Latin American countries, we aimed to investigate the relation between family environment characteristics and performance in ToM tasks in a group of Brazilian children. A total of 49 children participated, whose ages ranged between 3 and 5 years (M = 4.43; SD = 0.71), all of whom attended a public kindergarten school located in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil, and took the Theory of mind test for children (TMTC). The observation of the characteristics of the family environment was conducted by using the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) instrument in the very home setting of each participating child. By controlling the effects of children's age, intelligence, vocabulary, and mother's and father's educational level, a consistent positive, significant, and low-magnitude correlation was found between HOME's Responsiveness subscale with the total score in TMTC. A robust regression analysis also showed that individual and contextual variables (above cited, plus sex) and Responsiveness accounted for 28.4% of ToM variance. This study corroborates previous findings on the relation between family aspects and ToM, specifically highlighting parents' responsiveness.Extracellular recordings of brain voltage signals have many uses, including the identification of spikes and the characterization of brain states via analysis of local field potential (LFP) or EEG recordings. Though the factors underlying the generation of these signals are time varying and complex, their analysis may be facilitated by an understanding of their statistical properties. To this end, we analyzed the voltage distributions of high-pass extracellular recordings from a variety of structures, including cortex, thalamus, and hippocampus, in monkeys, cats, and rodents. We additionally investigated LFP signals in these recordings as well as human EEG signals obtained during different sleep stages. In all cases, the distributions were accurately described by a Gaussian within ±1.5 standard deviations from zero. Outside these limits, voltages tended to be distributed exponentially, that is, they fell off linearly on log-linear frequency plots, with variable heights and slopes. A possible explanation for this offers a principled way of setting event detection thresholds in high-pass recordings. It also offers a means for identifying event-like, transient signals in LFP and EEG recordings which may correlate with other neural phenomena.Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition (AtNiDe) and drought stress (DS) have strongly affected plant growth. However, previous research has primarily focused on the effects of AtNiDe with various levels and DS on plant growth (especially seed germination and seedling growth). This study aimed to evaluate the single and combined effects of AtNiDe with four types (compounds NH4-N, NO3-N, CO(NH2)2-N, and a mixture of the three types of N) and DS (three levels control, low, and high) on wheat seed germination and seedling growth. The AtNiDe treatment increased wheat seed germination and seedling growth. Mixed N exerted a greater positive effect on wheat seed germination and seedling growth than single N forms. Organic N also had a greater positive effect on wheat seed germination and seedling growth than reduced inorganic N. The DS treatment decreased wheat seed germination and seedling growth. The AtNiDe treatment alleviated the adverse effects of DS on wheat seed germination and seedling growth. Mixed N had the greatest effect on alleviating the adverse effects of DS on wheat seed germination and seedling growth. Thus, AtNiDe and DS antagonistically affected wheat seed germination and seedling growth. NOVELTY STATEMENT This study assessed the single and combined effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition with four types and drought stress at three levels on wheat seed germination and seedling growth. Generally, nitrogen and drought antagonistically affected wheat seed germination and seedling growth.Background Phenotypic methods for detection of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can be inaccurate due to heterogeneous expression of resistance and due to environmental factors that influence the expression of resistance. This study aims to compare various phenotypic methods of detection of methicillin resistance with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for mecA gene and to detect the presence of oxacillin-susceptible MRSA (OS-MRSA). Materials and Methods A total of 150 S. aureus isolates were tested using cefoxitin disk diffusion, oxacillin salt agar (OSA), latex agglutination test for penicillin binding protein 2a antigen, chromogenic MRSA ID agar, and mecA PCR. Results Using PCR as the gold standard, 91 (60.66%) of 150 clinical S. aureus strains were identified as MRSA. Three oxacillin-susceptible (minimum inhibitory concentration ≤2 μg/mL) mecA-positive isolates were classified as OS-MRSA. Among the different phenotypic MRSA detection methods studied, latex agglutination had the highest sensitivity and specificity (98.9% and 98.3%), followed by cefoxitin disk diffusion (95.6% and 98.3%), MRSA ID (97.8% and 83.05%), and OSA (86.81% and 94.92%). Conclusion The sensitivity of cefoxitin disk diffusion method may be reduced in areas with a high prevalence of OS-MRSA where a combination of cefoxitin disk diffusion test with MRSA ID agar or latex agglutination is recommended.
Inappropriate posterior tibial loading and initial graft tension during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction may cause altered patellofemoral joint (PFJ) contact mechanics, potentially resulting in pain and joint degeneration.
PFJ contact pressure would increase with the increases in posterior tibial loading and graft tension during ACL reconstruction.
Controlled laboratory study.
Nine fresh-frozen, nonpaired human cadaveric knees were tested in a customized jig from 0° to 120° of knee flexion. First, the knee was tested in the ACL-intact state. Second, reconstruction of the ACLs using different posterior tibial loadings and graft tensions were performed. The posterior tibial loading was evaluated at 2 levels 33.5 and 67 N. Graft tension was assessed at 3 levels low tension (20 N), medium tension (60 N), and high tension (80 N). Maximum values of peak contact pressure in the medial and lateral patellar facets were compared between ACL-intact and ACL-reconstructed knees. The PFJ kinematics bibial loading can lead to high medial PFJ peak contact pressure. Graft tension was found to not significantly affect PFJ contact pressure during ACL reconstruction.
An excessive posterior tibial loading during ACL reconstruction resulted in increased PFJ contact pressures at time of surgery. These data suggest that a low posterior tibial loading might be preferred during ACL reconstruction surgery to reduce the PFJ contact pressure close to that of the ACL-intact condition.
An excessive posterior tibial loading during ACL reconstruction resulted in increased PFJ contact pressures at time of surgery. These data suggest that a low posterior tibial loading might be preferred during ACL reconstruction surgery to reduce the PFJ contact pressure close to that of the ACL-intact condition.
Though the tibialis anterior (TA) serves a vital role in ankle dorsiflexion, there is little information regarding risk factors and demographic information that might predispose one to tendinopathy or rupture. This study investigates the features of patients in a single institution who presented with either TA tendinopathy or rupture. The circumstances surrounding rupture were also noted.
ICD-9/10 codes were used to find patients who presented with TA pathology to 2 foot and ankle surgeons at 1 academic medical center from 2011 to 2018. Patient characteristics were noted, including age, sex, body mass index, and the presence of a gastrocnemius equinus contracture. Characteristics of patients with traumatic and atraumatic ruptures were compared.
Ninety-four patients presented between 2011 and 2018 (79 cases of tendinopathy and 15 ruptures). The average patient age was 56 years, and the ratio of women to men was 7420 (3.71). With regard to those who experienced rupture, there were 2 ruptures directly related to athletic activity (traumatic), whereas 13 ruptures were found on examination with no overt history of injury (atraumatic). The average age for patients with traumatic ruptures was 39 years compared with 73 years for those with atraumatic rupture (
< .05).
This study investigates the features of patients in a single institution who presented with TA pathology. With regard to tendon ruptures, traumatic ruptures tend to occur in younger patients, whereas older patients are more likely to suffer atraumatic ruptures. Nonoperative treatment often appears to be effective for TA pathology.
Level III, retrospective comparative series.
Level III, retrospective comparative series.
Central compartment atopic disease (CCAD) has recently been suggested as a phenotype of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). This study aims to investigate the prevalence of the radiologic CCAD phenotype in CRS within a pediatric population and identify its ability to predict comorbid allergy and asthma.
Computed tomography and endoscopic examination were conducted on pediatric patients with CRS either with or without nasal polyps. Allergen sensitization was determined with the multiple-allergen simultaneous test and skin prick test. Serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE), peripheral blood eosinophil percentage, and presence of asthma were also evaluated.
A total of 82 pediatric patients were enrolled. Overall, 55 (67.1%) of the participants demonstrated aeroallergen sensitization, and 31 (18.9%) of the 164 sides of sinuses were radiologically defined to fit the CCAD phenotype. Patients having CRS with the CCAD phenotype had a higher prevalence of aeroallergen sensitization (87.1% vs 62.4%,
= .008), particularly house dust mite (74.2% vs 53.4%,
= .035), and a higher incidence of asthma (16.1% vs 3.8%,
= .010). Additionally, patients having CRS with the CCAD phenotype demonstrated a high serum total IgE levels (51.6% vs 30.1%,
= .023) in comparison to patients having CRS without CCAD.
In pediatric CRS, the radiological CCAD phenotype was associated with allergen sensitization and asthma. Furthermore, the CCAD phenotype was associated with high serum total IgE levels, suggesting allergy etiology should be considered with this type of pediatric patients with CRS.
In pediatric CRS, the radiological CCAD phenotype was associated with allergen sensitization and asthma. Furthermore, the CCAD phenotype was associated with high serum total IgE levels, suggesting allergy etiology should be considered with this type of pediatric patients with CRS.
To review our experience on post-tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy hemorrhage (PTAH) at a tertiary pediatric referral hospital and to evaluate the management and risk factors for recurrent postoperative hemorrhage and for delayed bleeding after day 14.
A retrospective chart review was performed for all pediatric patients admitted to The Children's Hospital at Westmead for PTAH between July 01, 2014, and June 30, 2019. Patients with recurrent hemorrhage and those with bleeding after day 14 were selected for subanalysis.
Of the 291 patients admitted for PTAH, 31 (11%) patients had recurrent postoperative hemorrhage, and 11 (4%) patients had delayed bleeding after day 14. Surgical intervention for cessation of hemorrhage was required in 88 (30%) patients, including 2 patients who required return to the theater more than once. Nine (3%) patients received blood transfusions. The average number of days between bleeding episodes was 4 days. Recurrent postoperative hemorrhage occurred in 8.5% of patients who were managed operatively at their first presentation compared to 11.
