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with community stakeholders in each country. Of the countries assessed, India offers the greatest room for improvement, and behaviour change techniques that influence people's capability and opportunities should be prioritised there.

The discussion explores how the Behaviour Change Wheel methodology could be used to guide further intervention development with community stakeholders in each country. Of the countries assessed, India offers the greatest room for improvement, and behaviour change techniques that influence people's capability and opportunities should be prioritised there.

Low handgrip strength (HGS) is independently associated with a higher exacerbation risk in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, the relationship between HGS while being admitted for COPD exacerbation and further exacerbation risk after discharge remains unclear.

We enrolled patients admitted for COPD exacerbation between January 2018 and June 2019. HGS tests were done within 3days after admission. The primary endpoint was exacerbations within 12months after the index admission, which needed emergency room visits or hospital admission. We analyzed the relationships among demographics, HGS, pulmonary function parameters, and acute exacerbation events.

Among 43 enrolled patients, 31 (72.1%) participants (HGSw) had HGS weakness (22.1 ± 4.1kg). The other 12 (27.9%) participants (non-HGSw) had the strength of handgrips 33.7 ± 3.1kg. HGSw group showed a significantly higher rate of emergency room visits within 6, 9, and 12months after the index admission than non-HGSw group (0.81 ± 1.30 vs. 0.08 ± 0.29, p = 0.045; 1.26 ± 1.59 vs. 0.17 ± 0.38, P = 0.019; 1.48 ± 1.86 vs. 0.25 ± 0.62, P = 0.027, respectively). There was a trend to have higher admission rate within 9 and 12months in HGSw group, which did not achieve statistical significance (0.77 ± 1.38 vs. 0.08 ± 0.29, P = 0.064; 0.94 ± 1.56 vs. 0.08 ± 0.29, P = 0.062, respectively).

HGS weakness measured upon admission for COPD exacerbation was associated with a higher risk of exacerbation in the next year. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04885933.

HGS weakness measured upon admission for COPD exacerbation was associated with a higher risk of exacerbation in the next year. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04885933.

The objective of this study was to compare the analgesic potency of oxycodone versus morphine after laparoscopic deep infiltrating endometriosis resection.

Fifty patients undergoing laparoscopic deep infiltrating endometriosis resection were randomized to receive oxycodone or morphine intravenous-PCA after surgery. The primary outcome was opioid consumption during the 24h after surgery. Secondary outcomes included time to first request for analgesia, the number of bolus, pain, sedation, nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, and bradycardia. The prominent pain that caused patients to press the analgesic device was also recorded.

Oxycodone consumption (14.42 ± 2.83) was less than morphine consumption (20.14 ± 3.83). Compared with the morphine group, the total number of bolus (78 vs 123) was less and the average time to first request for analgesia (97.27 ± 59.79 vs 142.17 ± 51) was longer in the oxycodone group. The incidence of nausea was higher in the morphine group than in the oxycodone group at 0-2Trial registration number ChiCTR1900021870 URL of trial registry record http//www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=35799&htm=4 Date of registration 2019/3/13 00000.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) reduces the risk of the composite renal endpoint and weakens the progressive decline in renal function in patients with chronic heart failure (HF). However, a detailed mechanism of SGLT2i on renal function and outcome remains uninvestigated.

We prospectively included 40 type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) patients (median 68years old, 29 male) who were hospitalized for decompensated HF and received SGLT2i during the index hospitalization. Linsitinib Of them, 24 patients had increases in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at 12-month follow-up and 16 had decreases in eGFR. We investigated the baseline factors associating with the improvement in renal function.

Lower plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level and the use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitor (RASI) were independently associated with increases in eGFR during the follow-up period (p < 0.05 for both). Patients with both low plasma BNP levels and uses of RASI achieved significant increases in eGFR irrespective of the baseline HbA1c levels.

Lower plasma BNP level and the use of RASI at baseline were the key factors contributing to the renoprotective effects of SGLT2i among patients with decompensated HF and T2DM.

Lower plasma BNP level and the use of RASI at baseline were the key factors contributing to the renoprotective effects of SGLT2i among patients with decompensated HF and T2DM.

Maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) is the most abundantly cultivated and highly valued food commodity in the world. Oil from maize kernels is highly nutritious and important for the diet and health of humans, and it can be used as a source of bioenergy. A better understanding of genetic basis for maize kernel oil can help improve the oil content and quality when applied in breeding.

In this study, a KUI3/SC55 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, consisting of 180 individuals was constructed from a cross between inbred lines KUI3 and SC55. We phenotyped 19 oil-related traits and subsequently dissected the genetic architecture of oil-related traits in maize kernels based on a high-density genetic map. In total, 62 quantitative trait loci (QTLs), with 2 to 5 QTLs per trait, were detected in the KUI3/SC55 RIL population. Each QTL accounted for 6.7% (qSTOL1) to 31.02% (qBELI6) of phenotypic variation and the total phenotypic variation explained (PVE) of all detected QTLs for each trait ranged from 12.5% (OIL) to d a theoretical basis for improving maize quality by marker-assisted selection.

Arthropoda, the most numerous and diverse metazoan phylum, has species in many habitats where they encounter various microorganisms and, as a result, mechanisms for pathogen recognition and elimination have evolved. The Toll pathway, involved in the innate immune system, was first described as part of the developmental pathway for dorsal-ventral differentiation in Drosophila. Its later discovery in vertebrates suggested that this system was extremely conserved. However, there is variation in presence/absence, copy number and sequence divergence in various genes along the pathway. As most studies have only focused on Diptera, for a comprehensive and accurate homology-based approach it is important to understand gene function in a number of different species and, in a group as diverse as insects, the use of species belonging to different taxonomic groups is essential.

We evaluated the diversity of Toll pathway gene families in 39 Arthropod genomes, encompassing 13 different Insect Orders. Through computatioctional studies are performed, especially for TOLL9, TOLL, TOLL2_7, and the new TOLL10 clade. The presence of Diptera specific clades or the ones lacking Diptera species show the importance of overcoming the Diptera bias when performing functional characterization of Toll pathways.

The B3 superfamily (B3s) represents a class of large plant-specific transcription factors, which play diverse roles in plant growth and development process including flowering induction. However, identification and functional surveys of B3 superfamily have not been reported in ethylene-induced pineapple flowering (Ananas comosus).

57 B3 genes containing B3 domain were identified and phylogenetically classified into five subfamilies. Chromosomal localization analysis revealed that 54 of 57 AcB3s were located on 21 Linkage Groups (LG). Collinearity analysis demonstrated that the segmental duplication was the main event in the evolution of B3 gene superfamily, and most of them were under purifying selection. The analysis of cis-element composition suggested that most of these genes may have function in response to abscisic acid, ethylene, MeJA, light, and abiotic stress. qRT-PCR analysis of 40 AcB3s containing ethylene responsive elements exhibited that the expression levels of 35 genes were up-regulated within 1 d after ethephon treatment and some were highly expressed in flower bud differentiation period in stem apex, such as Aco012003, Aco019552 and Aco014401.

This study provides a basic information of AcB3s and clues for involvement of some AcB3s in ethylene-induced flowering in pineapple.

This study provides a basic information of AcB3s and clues for involvement of some AcB3s in ethylene-induced flowering in pineapple.

Preterm neonates are at higher risk of developing inguinal hernia, and have an increased risk of perioperative adverse events. Laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is claimed to be associated to decreasing perioperative respiratory complications compared to endotracheal tube (ETT) in infants under one year of age receiving minor surgery; thus, we conducted a retrospective survey in former preterm neonates below 5000g to compare the respiratory complications between LMA and ETT in general anesthesia for inguinal hernia surgeries.

The inclusion criteria were gestational age at birth under 37weeks, body weight at surgery below 5000g, and receiving scheduled inguinal hernia repair under general anesthesia with LMA or ETT. Infants who were dependent on mechanical ventilation preoperatively were excluded. The postoperative respiratory complications including delayed extubation, re-intubation, and apnea within postoperative 24h were compared between groups.

From July 2014 to December 2017, 72 neonates were enrolled intith lower body weight at birth and at surgery, and with a history of severe RDS and oxygen-dependence, further prospective study is required.

In preterm neonates, even in those younger than 52 weeks post-menstrual age who undergoing inguinal hernia repair in their early infancy, LMA appears feasible and safe as the airway device during general anesthesia in specific patient group. However, anesthesiologist might prefer ETT rather than LMA in some complex situation. In neonates with lower body weight at birth and at surgery, and with a history of severe RDS and oxygen-dependence, further prospective study is required.

To explore the role of a first-aid fast track channel in rescuing children with airway foreign bodies and to analyse and summarize the experience and lessons of the first-aid fast track channel in rescuing airway foreign bodies from patients in critical condition.

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children with airway foreign bodies rescued by first-aid fast track channels admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to December 2020. The corresponding clinical features, treatments, and prognoses were summarized.

Clinical data from 21 cases of first-aid fast track channel patients were retrospectively collected, including 12 males and 9 females aged 9-18 months. Cough was the most frequently exhibited symptom (100.0%), followed by III inspiratory dyspnoea (71.4%). Regarding the location of foreign bodies, 5 cases (23.8%) had glottic foreign bodies, 10 cases (47.6%) had tracheal foreign bodies, and 6 cases (28.6%) had bilateral bronchial foreign bodies. The most common type of FB was organic.