Povlsenmacdonald6718

e., sexual orientation→interpersonal relationships→depressive symptoms→sleep quality) existed. Moreover, the serial indirect pathway might be moderated by sex.

Causal inference is limited due to the cross-sectional design.

Interventions to prevent or manage sleep disorders of sexual minority college students may yield better results if they consider the effects of improving interpersonal relationships and depression symptoms comprehensively than targeting sleep problems alone.

Interventions to prevent or manage sleep disorders of sexual minority college students may yield better results if they consider the effects of improving interpersonal relationships and depression symptoms comprehensively than targeting sleep problems alone.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with deficits in working memory. Several cognitive subprocesses interact to produce working memory, including attention, encoding, maintenance and manipulation. We sought to clarify the contribution of functional deficits in these subprocesses in MDD by varying cognitive load during a working memory task.

41 depressed participants and 41 age and gender-matched healthy controls performed the n-back working memory task at three levels of difficulty (0-, 1-, and 2-back) in a pregistered study. We assessed response times, accuracy, and event-related electroencephalography (EEG), including P2 and P3 amplitudes, and frontal theta power (4-8 Hz).

MDD participants had prolonged response times and more positive frontal P3 amplitudes (i.e., Fz) relative to controls, mainly in the most difficult 2-back condition. Working memory accuracy, P2 amplitudes and frontal theta event-related synchronisation did not differ between groups at any level of task difficulty.

Depression is associated with generalized psychomotor slowing of working memory processes, and may involve compensatory hyperactivity in frontal and parietal regions.

These findings provide insights into MDD working memory deficits, indicating that depressed individuals dedicate greater levels of cortical processing and cognitive resources to achieve comparable working memory performance to controls.

These findings provide insights into MDD working memory deficits, indicating that depressed individuals dedicate greater levels of cortical processing and cognitive resources to achieve comparable working memory performance to controls.

We previously reported that psychological distress was associated with an increased risk of functional disability. However, the mechanism of the association remains unclear. Our aim was to estimate the mediating effect of lifestyle and bodily pain on the association among elderly survivors after the Great East Japan Earthquake.

The study population comprised 1037 residents aged ≥ 65 years. The baseline surveys (exposure and mediators) were conducted in 2011. We classified participants into three categories according to their Kessler 6 score (low 0-9, moderate 10-12, and high 13-24) and defined functional disability as certification for long-term care insurance in Japan. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident functional disability according to Kessler 6 categories and explored the mediating effects of lifestyle and bodily pain on the association.

During approximately 8 years of follow-up, we documented 271 incident cases of functional disability. Compared with those in the low distress group, the multivariate adjusted HR for incident functional disability was 1.95 (95% CI 1.21-3.13) for those in the high distress group. Time spent walking, going out, and bodily pain significantly mediated the association between psychological distress and incident functional disability by 10.2%, 10.5%, and 10.3% for the high distress group, respectively.

We did not consider unmeasured confounders and use of appropriate medication.

The evaluation and treatment of bodily pain as well as promotion of active lifestyle would be important for preventing disability among disaster survivors.

The evaluation and treatment of bodily pain as well as promotion of active lifestyle would be important for preventing disability among disaster survivors.

Theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that maternal anxiety relates to overprotection, yet studies have found conflicting evidence. The literature would benefit from a systematic review.

In April 2020, a systematic review on the relation between maternal anxiety and overprotection was conducted. The search was updated in January 2021. A total of 13 articles were included.

Of 16 reported bivariate correlations, 12 showed that maternal anxiety accounted for significant variance in overprotection (7 reported a small effect and 5 reported a medium effect). In a group differences study, mothers with anxiety showed greater overprotection. Additionally, in 4 out of 7 multivariate relations maternal anxiety accounted for significant variance in overprotection over and above other factors while 3 suggested that maternal anxiety did not account for significant variance in overprotection. In a multivariate, longitudinal study, maternal anxiety predicted overprotection, over and above other factors. Given conflicting evidence, we evaluated article's methodological strength and found stronger evidence supporting a small to medium size relation compared to evidence supporting no significant relation.

We report ranges of coefficients and effect sizes, but meta-analytic results are needed to determine the magnitude of these relations based on various factors. More longitudinal studies are needed to determine directionality.

Although the literature shows conflicting results, the present review supports that maternal anxiety relates to overprotection, though the effect of this relation is small to medium. It may be beneficial to incorporate mental health for parents into existing parenting interventions.

Although the literature shows conflicting results, the present review supports that maternal anxiety relates to overprotection, though the effect of this relation is small to medium. It may be beneficial to incorporate mental health for parents into existing parenting interventions.

Although not routinely assessed, prenatal posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with poor maternal mental health and mother-infant bonding. Prenatal PTSD may also be associated with birth weight and gestational age outcomes, but this remains unclear. Eganelisib This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the association of prenatal PTSD with risk of low birth weight (LBW) or preterm birth (PTB) (dichotomous medically-defined cut-offs) or with birth weight (BW) or gestational age (GA) (continuous variables).

A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Web of Science, MedLine, PubMed, and PsychInfo. Data were collected and processed according to Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. Study quality was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottowa Quality Assessment Scale. Pooled effect sizes were estimated with random-effects models (correlation for continuous and odds ratios for dichotomous outcomes).

Sixteen studies with 51,470 participants (prenatal PTSD 8%) were included in 4 meta-analyses. Maternal prenatal PTSD was associated with higher risks of LBW (OR=1.96; 95% CI, 1.26, 3.03; P=.003), PTB (OR=1.42; 95% CI, 1.16, 1.73; P=.001), and reduced GA (r=-0.04; 95% CI, -0.06, -0.01; P=.002).

Different designs across studies, variety of PTSD assessment practices, and a small pool of studies were noted.

Findings suggest prenatal PTSD presents increased risks of LBW, PTB, and reduced GA. Evidence of physical harm to neonates from prenatal PTSD provides a powerful rationale to increase prenatal PTSD screening and identify effective prenatal interventions to improve maternal and child outcomes.

Findings suggest prenatal PTSD presents increased risks of LBW, PTB, and reduced GA. Evidence of physical harm to neonates from prenatal PTSD provides a powerful rationale to increase prenatal PTSD screening and identify effective prenatal interventions to improve maternal and child outcomes.

Helicopter parenting has been one of major contributing factors to depression, and the occurrence of severe depressive level has been increasing in college students. Based on self-determinant theory (SDT), previous studies have indicated the pathway between helicopter parenting and depressive level, especially focusing on the roles of basic psychological needs, self-control and teacher autonomy support. But few studies focused on the full model of these interactive factors and the Chinese non-clinical college students.

Non-clinical college students (n = 648), aging from 17 to 28 years old, were recruited as participants from universities in Guangzhou, China, in 2020. The participants were asked to complete five self-report questionnaires, including Helicopter Parenting Scale (HPS), Learning Climate Questionnaire (LCQ), Basic Psychological Needs Scale (BPNS), Self-Control Scale (SCS), and Beck Depression Scale-II (BDI-II).

Results have revealed that basic psychological needs and self-control played a chaege students) indications for reducing the effects of helicopter parenting on depressive level among non-clinical Chinese college students, which will be helpful for improving their mental health. However, this is a cross-sectional study and other factors may also play important roles in this pathway.

In middle-aged adults with depression, cerebral vasodilatory reactivity is blunted; however, this has not been examined in treatment-naïve young adults with major depressive disorder (MDD). We tested the hypothesis that cerebrovascular reactivity would be blunted in young adults (18-30 yrs) with MDD compared to healthy non-depressed adults (HA) and would be attenuated to a greater extent in adults with symptomatic MDD (sMDD) compared to adults with MDD in remission (euthymic MDD; eMDD).

Sixteen adults with MDD [21±3yrs; n=8 sMDD (6 women); n=8 eMDD (5 women)] and 14 HA (22±3yrs; 9 women) participated. End-tidal carbon dioxide concentration (P

CO

 ; capnograph), beat-to-beat mean arterial pressure (MAP; finger photoplethysmography), middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv; transcranial Doppler ultrasound), and internal carotid artery (ICA) diameter and blood velocity (Doppler ultrasound) were continuously measured during baseline and rebreathing-induced hypercapnia. Cerebrovascular reactivity was calculated as the relative increase in vascular conductance during hypercapnia.

In adults with MDD, cerebrovascular reactivity in the MCA (∆39±9 HA vs. ∆31±13% MDD, p=0.04), but not the ICA (∆36±24 HA vs. ∆34±18% MDD, p=0.84), was blunted compared to HA. In the MCA, cerebrovascular reactivity was reduced in adults with sMDD compared to adults with eMDD (∆36±11 eMDD vs. ∆25±13% sMDD, p=0.02).

The cross-sectional nature approach limits conclusions regarding the temporal nature of this link.

These data indicate that MCA cerebrovascular reactivity is blunted in young adults with MDD and further modulated by current depressive symptomology, suggesting that the management of depressive symptomology may secondarily improve cerebrovascular health.

These data indicate that MCA cerebrovascular reactivity is blunted in young adults with MDD and further modulated by current depressive symptomology, suggesting that the management of depressive symptomology may secondarily improve cerebrovascular health.