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Adjunctive psychostimulants could be a potential treatment consideration to address cognitive deficits in selected patients with schizophrenia.

Adjunctive psychostimulants could be a potential treatment consideration to address cognitive deficits in selected patients with schizophrenia.

Delirium is a major source of morbidity in the inpatient hospital setting. This study examined differences between patients with delirium present prior to hospital admission and those with hospitalacquired delirium in several health outcomes.

A total of 12,529 patients on 2 inpatient units were included in this retrospective cohort study. Outcomes were assessed using chart review. Other variables were compared across groups and included in multivariate models predicting discharge location within the hospitalacquired delirium group.

Of 709 patients with delirium, 83% had pre-admission prevalent and 17% had post-admission incident delirium. Compared with patients with preexisting delirium, patients with hospital-acquired delirium had greater hospital durations and mortality and were more likely to receive ICU care, more likely to receive multiple classes of medications, and less likely to be discharged home without home health services. Multivariate analysis in the hospital-acquired delirium group found that several variables independently predicted discharge location.

Patients with hospital-acquired delirium had worse hospital outcomes and a more complicated hospital course than those with preexisting delirium. Administration of various medications, several demographic variables, and some hospital-related variables were independently associated with worse outcomes within the hospital-acquired delirium group. These results demonstrate that patients with hospitalacquired delirium are a vulnerable subgroup deserving special attention.

Patients with hospital-acquired delirium had worse hospital outcomes and a more complicated hospital course than those with preexisting delirium. Administration of various medications, several demographic variables, and some hospital-related variables were independently associated with worse outcomes within the hospital-acquired delirium group. These results demonstrate that patients with hospitalacquired delirium are a vulnerable subgroup deserving special attention.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic brought many challenges to patient care delivery. The need for social distancing and relaxing of federal and state telemental health regulations paved the way for widespread adoption of direct-to-consumer (DTC) ambulatory mental health video visits.

We present cases that demonstrate the use of video visits across 6 clinical areas, each serving a unique population of patients, in a large behavioral health system. The benefits and limitations of this modality are illustrated in children, adults, and older adults with mood disorders, anxiety disorders, intellectual disability, substance use disorders, neurocognitive disorders, and schizophrenia.

Although telephone visits were acceptable and necessary to serve some patients, there are many advantages to video visits in providing best patient care. Education and support for telemental health-delivered to both patients and clinicians-is critical to the success of the DTC model.

DTC telemental health is a widespread clinical tool used during the COVID-19 pandemic. Because this model has many strengths and advantages compared with traditional telemental health delivered in a clinic, regulators and insurers should be open to its continued use postpandemic when clinically appropriate.

DTC telemental health is a widespread clinical tool used during the COVID-19 pandemic. Because this model has many strengths and advantages compared with traditional telemental health delivered in a clinic, regulators and insurers should be open to its continued use postpandemic when clinically appropriate.Kazimierz Filip Wize (1873-1953) was a Polish multidisciplinary scholar, a microbiologist, a lepidopterologist, a psychiatrist, and a philosopher. He was an avid promoter of care of the mentally ill. After defending a Ph.D. in medicine in Munich (Germany) in 1899, Wize specialized in bacteriology at the Pasteur Institute in Paris. In 1907 he defended his second Ph.D. in philosophy in Leipzig. Soon, Wize became an internationally active scholar and a prolific writer, working especially on esthetics and the philosophy of medicine. For Wize, philosophy of action was a bridge between abstract academic philosophy, practical ethics, and the philosophy of medicine understood as an art and a science. Later in his life, Wize moved back to practicing medicine, and in the 1930s he specialized in psychiatry. The new field enabled him to apply his esthetic concepts to the treatment of patients and become a pioneer of art therapy. Music, painting, and dance, Wize argued, are a means to achieve serenity and freedom and play an important part in the process of recovery. Much later, Wize witnessed the extermination of psychiatric patients in Poland during a Nazi T4 action.

Sleep disorders in the form of insomnia or excessive daytime sleepiness have their health and social consequences. The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of sleep disorders, quality of life and the pattern of psychoactive substance use among the students of Polish universities using CAVI method.

The Athens Insomnia Scale, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and the Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life were used. The study was conducted using anonymous and voluntary questionnaires distributed via the Internet.

Most of the respondents (N = 5,342) were women (74%). A high percentage (>51%) of sleep disorders was found in women. Daytime sleepiness occurred in 28% of respondents, which correlated with sleep disorders. The use of psychoactive drugs is very common (94%) among Polish students of both sexes and (apart from alcohol) significantly affects the quality of life (p = 0.000). In the assessment of the psychoactive substance use pattern, the students of medical universities only slightly differ from students of other majors. The quality of life of people affected by sleep disorders is much lower than of the healthy student population.

The great scale of the sleep disorder phenomenon and the use of psychoactive substances among Polish students require further exploration with particular emphasis on preventive and therapeutic activities.

The great scale of the sleep disorder phenomenon and the use of psychoactive substances among Polish students require further exploration with particular emphasis on preventive and therapeutic activities.

Analysis of interrelationships between the five global personality dimensions of both parents and mothers' experiences regarding feeding the baby/childcare, as well as determining their role as predictors of postpartum depression.

223 first-time expectant couples participated in the study (I stage), and 143 couples from this group were examined about five months after the childbirth (II stage). Selisistat solubility dmso The following questionnaires were usedthe NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and the Mother and Baby Scale (MBAS).

EPDS scores were interrelated in couples. Both parents' Neuroticism measured before the childbirth was associated with higher levels of self-assessed and partner's postpartum depression. Mothers'Neuroticism negatively correlated with global confidence regarding childcare and the child's positive alertness during feeding (which was also associated with a higher female Extraversion). Maternal global confidence in childcare negatively correlated with po Offering the possibility to meet with lactation consultants might be an essential element of support system for new parents.Amisulpride is an antipsychotic available in Europe since 1990s, in Poland since 2000. Subsequent years brought to Polish market more second-generation compounds such as ziprasidone and aripiprazole. In 2018, the Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System issued positive recommendation for lurasidone in schizophrenia (Recommendation 30/2018) facilitating its entry to the market. Thanks to new molecules, therapeutic possibilities of medicines consequently rise, however, higher number of available substances of different properties brings also more dilemmas which one to pick. Since new publications of comparative drug trials, meta-analyses and systematic reviews are issued regularly, the authors present herein publications issued within last ten years focusing on amisulpride as opposed to other neuroleptics used in Poland. Although in many aspects it is equivalent to other atypical antipsychotics, it still has some advantages. Amisulpride seems to have better outcome than classic and atypical neuroleptics when it comes to depressive symptoms and predominant negative symptoms. It might also be superior to haloperidol in inducing symptomatic remission in first episode schizophrenia. Except for prolactin increase its side effects profile is favorable - it rarely leads to extrapyramidal symptoms (which are dose-dependent) and sedation. Therefore many patients accept treatment with amisulpride for its measurable clinical gains, such as improvement of positive symptoms and higher quality of life, compared to typical neuroleptics. Pharmacokinetics of amisulpride also encourage its wider use, especially when there is either a need for combined psychopharmacotherapy or comorbidity with general medical condition rises a need for somatic parallel treatment.Immersive virtual reality is a technology that allows the user to immerse in the virtual world in isolation from external stimuli. It enables the simulation of different social situations, often impossible to arrange in reality, with high control over the confounding variables. Thanks to the VR realism, the viewer of this reality behaves similarly and experiences similar emotions to those in natural conditions, which results in high ecological validity of this environment, making it useful for diagnostics and therapy. This review, conducted in a narrative way, presents the results of observational and interventional research using immersive virtual reality (VR) in exploration of mechanisms generating psychotic symptoms (mainly in the scope of paranoia), as well as cognition and social functioning (research with the use of virtual avatars) in persons diagnosed with nonaffective psychosis. The research included in the review has been divided by the authors into two categories, depending on their type and the related level of reliability of the results. Moreover, the authors discuss technological aspects of VR, including the most important ways of presenting it, the differences between VR technology and classical neurocognitive tests, and the use of this technology for diagnostic purposes. As far as the treatment of psychotic disorders is concerned, the authors discuss VR interventions focused mainly on delusions and auditory hallucinations. Finally, the prospects for further development and use of VR technology in psychiatry are discussed.

The significance of cognitive functioning deficits in schizophrenia is already well acknowledged. The relationships among lower and higher order cognitive skills and symptoms, as well as their relevance to holding a paid job are relatively less researched, though. The purpose of this study was to conduct an analysis concerning these issues.

This study included 62 individuals with schizophrenia, 33 of them employed in paid sheltered jobs and 29 attending occupational therapy. They were assessed with tests of cognitive functions including communication skills. Psychopathological symptoms were assessed with the PANSS.

The assessed cognitive skills turned out to be interrelated as well as showed associations with positive, negative and disorganization symptoms. Furthermore, regression analysis showed that sheltered employment status is predicted by shorter reaction time, better comprehension of metaphors and lower severity of disorganization symptoms.

Multiple associations among basic and higher cognitive skills provide support for the concept of a generalized cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.