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In the personalized medicine era, the field of immunohistopathology is evolving to provide even more precise diagnostic information to efficiently apply targeting therapies. In this regard, MultiSpectral fluorescence Imaging (MSI) is a powerful and reliable technique that provides a detailed and remarkable analysis of multiple biomarkers within their histological context. In particular, the analysis of the immune infiltrate in conjunction with the expression of immune checkpoint molecules could explain why the efficacy of the promising treatments based on immune modulator monoclonal antibodies is still limited. We analyzed the advantages and the pitfalls of applying MSI technology to investigate the immune infiltrate in correlation with programmed death-ligand 1 expression in paraffin embedded ovarian cancer samples.Cancer causes inflammation as it progresses through healthy tissue. The differentiation of tumoral growth from the surrounding inflammatory change is paramount in planning surgeries seeking to preserve function. This retrospective study aims at illustrating how a careful use of imaging (computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) can help to draw the line between infiltration and inflammation. Out of 72 cases of parosteal osteosarcoma in our institution we selected 22 which had pretreatment imaging, and out of those, 14 that had both MRI and CT. Using Fisher's exact test, we evaluated the performance of each technique on accurately diagnosing medullary tumor infiltration, using histological analysis as a gold standard. All cases (14/14) demonstrated medullary abnormality on MRI, but only 6/14 (42.9%) demonstrated abnormality on CT. The 8/14 cases with MRI abnormality but no CT abnormality (57.1%) showed inflammation with no tumoral cells present on histological analysis. In the cases where the two examinations showed medullary abnormality (6/14) histology demonstrated tumoral infiltration. MRI demonstrated high sensitivity and negative predictive value, but low specificity and low positive predictive value and accuracy (P=1). CT demonstrated high sensitivity, specificity, high positive and negative predictive values and accuracy (P = 0.000333). MRI is highly sensitive for the detection of medullary abnormality but lacks specificity for tumor invasion. Correlation with CT is recommended in all cases of positive MR to add specificity for tumors. The adequate use of the two imaging methods allows to differentiate between inflammatory change and tumoral infiltration in POS, relevant for surgical planning.Cancer is a complex disease characterized by a wide array of mutually interacting components constituting the tumor microenvironment (connective tissue, vascular system, immune cells), many of which are targeted therapeutically. In particular, immune checkpoint inhibitors have recently become an established part of the treatment of cancer. Despite great promise, only a portion of the patients display durable response. Current research efforts are concentrated on the determination of tumor-specific biomarkers predictive of response, such as tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability, and neo-antigen presentation. However, it is clear that several additional characteristics pertaining to the tumor microenvironment play a critical role in the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Here we comment on the computational methods that are used for the analysis of the tumor microenvironment components from transcriptomic data, discuss the critical needs, and foresee potential evolutions in the field.The presence of hypoxia is a typical feature of solid tumors and has been identified in many neoplasms, favouring the survival of malignant cells in a hostile environment and the expression of an aggressive phenotype. Malignant brain tumors have large proportions of hypoxic tissue, thus contributing to resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. Positron emission tomography (PET) is an attractive technique to gain a non-invasive assessment of tumor hypoxia within the whole tumor, with 18F-fluoromisonidazole (18F-FMISO) and 18F-flouroazomycin arabinoside (18F-FAZA) being the most promising radiotracers. In this short review, we aim to discuss the available clinical studies focused on the use of 18F-FAZA PET/computed tomography in patients affected by high-grade glioma.The discovery of molecular alterations that play key functions in pathways of tumor growth and survival have changed the treatment approach of several solid tumors. A number of biomarkers are now approved in clinical practice for the selection of patients to be treated with the specific targeted drug, and others are currently under study. None of these biomarkers are perfect and they have a number of biases. Novel treatment approaches, such as immunotherapy, require the development of more complex biomarker combinations as the mechanism of action of these drugs involves multiple parameters. In this short communication the principal approved biomarkers in solid tumors are discussed, with attention to the novel promising biomarkers that will be developed in the future.Liquid biopsy is routinely used to detect epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in advanced or metastatic lung cancer, due to some limitations of tissue genotyping, especially at relapse. However, the existence of a non-marginal proportion of oncogene-addicted lung cancers that can benefit from target therapy is rapidly expanding clinical relevance of plasma genotyping. Apart from static assessment of mutations in circulating free DNA, the fact that liquid biopsy is minimally invasive and can be repeated several times makes it a suitable assay for the dynamic monitoring of cancer response to treatment. It is likely that quantitative mutation assessment by liquid biopsy will be increasingly included in the design of innovative clinical trials for patient stratification purposes.Salt stress is one of the environmental factors that negatively affect plant growth and development. We have previously reported a putative C3HC4 zinc-finger ubiquitin E3 ligase (AtPPRT1) negatively regulates Abscisic acid (ABA) and drought stress response. According to previous studies, the accumulation of ABA in plants can further regulate the salt stress response. Therefore, in this study, we further analyzed whether AtPPRT1 negatively regulates the salt stress response. The results showed that AtPPRT1 expression was induced by salt stress. Furthermore, under salt stress, the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene driven by the AtPPRT1 promoter has shown increased activity in the hypocotyl and petioles of Arabidopsis seedlings. Additionally, seedlings of the T-DNA insertion mutant atpprt1 showed significant growth advantage under salt stress, whereas overexpressing AtPPRT1 (OE lines) in Arabidopsis seedlings displayed hypersensitive under salt stress. click here Etiolated atpprt1 seedlings also demonstrated significantly elongated hypocotyl lengths in salt stress.