Piperstorgaard1211

Bifid and trifid mandibular condyles are infrequent morphological alterations of the mandibular condyle. With the aim of better identifying its possible causing factors in the past and provide clues on the potential types and severities of joint dysfunction that may occur if clinical intervention is not undertaken, two archaeological cases of multi-headed mandibular condyles are presented, and their possible aetiology and pathogenesis are discussed.

In this study, 143 adult mandibles recovered in the northwest of Spain were examined 91 exhumed from San Juan Bautista church (Guardo, Palencia; 16th-19th centuries), and 52 from San Salvador de Palat de Rey church (León, 13th-19th centuries). All mandibles were observed macroscopically for the presence of any morphological and/or pathological alterations. When justified, the mandibles were also scrutinized through computed tomography.

Two isolated mandibles (n=1, Palencia; n=1, León) with multi-headed mandibular condyles (bifid and trifid) were identified. ee of bone remodelling observed indicates that both individuals lived long after the traumatic occurrence.

To evaluate intra-fraction target shift during automated mono-isocentric linac-based stereotactic radiosurgery with open-face mask system and optical real-time tracking.

Ninety-five patients were treated using automated linac-based stereotactic radiosurgery in 1-5 fractions with single isocenter for a total of 195 fractions. During treatment, patient positioning was tracked real-time with optical surface guidance and immobilized with a rigid open-face mask. Patients were re-positioned if optical surface guidance error exceeded 1mm magnitude or 1°. Translational and rotational intra-fractional changes were determined by post-treatment CBCT matched to the planning CT. Target specific error was calculated by translation and rotation matrices applied to isocenter and target spatial coordinates.

For 132 fractions with isocenter within a single target, the median shift magnitude was 0.40mm with a maximum shift of 1.17mm. A total of 398 targets treated for plans having multiple or single targets that lied outside isocenter, resulted in a median shift magnitude of 0.46mm, with median translational shifts of 0.20mm and 0.20° rotational shifts. A 1mm PTV margin was insufficient in 18% of targets at a distance greater than 6cm away from isocenter, but sufficient for 96% of targets within 6cm.

The findings of this study support 1mm PTV expansion due to intra-fraction motion to ensure target coverage for plans with isocenter placement less than 6cm away from the targets.

The findings of this study support 1 mm PTV expansion due to intra-fraction motion to ensure target coverage for plans with isocenter placement less than 6 cm away from the targets.

The primary aim of this study is to provide preliminary indications for safe constraints of rectum and bladder in patients re-irradiated with stereotactic body RT (SBRT).

Data from patients treated for prostate cancer (PCa) and intraprostatic relapse, from 1998 to 2016, were retrospectively collected. First RT course was delivered with 3D conformal RT techniques, SBRT or volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). All patients underwent re-irradiation with SBRT with heavy hypofractionated schedules. Cumulative dose-volume values to organs at risk (OARs) were computed and possible correlation with developed toxicities was investigated.

Twenty-six patients were included. Median age at re-irradiation was 75years, mean interval between the two RT courses was 5.6years and the median follow-up was 47.7months (13.4-114.3months). After re-irradiation, acute and late G≥2 GU toxicity events were reported in 3 (12%) and 10 (38%) patients, respectively, while late G≥2 GI events were reported in 4 (15%) patients. No acute G≥2 GI side effects were registered. Patients receiving an equivalent uniform dose of the two RT treatments<131Gy appeared to be at higher risk of progression (4-yr b-PFS 19% vs 33%, p=0.145). Cumulative re-irradiation constraints that appear to be safe are D

< 57.9Gy for bladder and D

< 66.0Gy, D



< 38.0Gy and V

<5% for rectum.

Preliminary re-irradiation constraints for bladder and rectum have been reported. Our preliminary investigation may serve to clear some grey areas of PCa re-irradiation.

Preliminary re-irradiation constraints for bladder and rectum have been reported. Our preliminary investigation may serve to clear some grey areas of PCa re-irradiation.In this study, we analyzed the performance of a PbF2 crystal-based detector at proton range monitoring with Monte Carlo simulations. The correlations between the depth-dose and Cherenkov profiles showed that the changes in the peak position in the Cherenkov profiles corresponded to the changes in the corresponding depth-dose profiles. Moreover, the deviations between the changes in the peak positions in the two curves were generally less than 2 mm. The results also showed that the actual proton range could be obtained using flight time information. When the proton energy was 160 MeV, the peak position detected in the Cherenkov profile detected was 14.83 cm with a flight time of 5.3-5.4 ns (starting from the time when protons were emitted), and the actual proton range in polymethyl-methacrylate was 15 cm. Therefore, the accuracy of the proton range measurements could be improved and the absolute range obtained by using the fast and time-sensitive characteristics of the proposed Cherenkov radiator.This study proved a relationship between levels of natural radioactivity concentrations and element concentration (ppm) in tooth samples with the ethnic groups using high purity germanium (HPGe) detector and X-ray fluorescence spectrometers (XRF), respectively. The evaluations have been done for 60 tooth samples for different ethnic groups (Kurd, Arab, Turkman, Persian, and Christian" Chaldean Catholic") of the population living in Erbil- Iraq. The results indicated that the high and low levels of radionuclide concentration in teeth samples found in ethnic groups (Turkman and Christan), and (Kurd, Arab, and Persia), respectively. The level of element contents (Na, Ar, Kr, As, Ti, Pt, Eu, Dy, and Pm) was high in teeth samples of Turkman and Christan and zero in teeth samples of Kurd, Arab, and Persia. Response of ethnic groups of Turkman and Christain was similar each to other. Responses of Kurd, Arab, and Persia ethnic groups was similar with each other regarding the XRF results.[18F]DPA-714 is a radiotracer specific to the translocator protein (TSPO) and is useful for in vivo Positron Emission Tomography imaging studies. In this report, we have developed an automated radiosynthesis of [18F]DPA-714 on a commercially-available radiosynthesis platform, which comports with USP guidelines. The wide availability of the radiosynthesis module and ease of dissemination of the production sequence will facilitate preclinical and clinical research of TSPO-related pathology.Thermochemical recycling of plastic waste to base chemicals via pyrolysis followed by a minimal amount of upgrading and steam cracking is expected to be the dominant chemical recycling technology in the coming decade. However, there are substantial safety and operational risks when using plastic waste pyrolysis oils instead of conventional fossil-based feedstocks. This is due to the fact that plastic waste pyrolysis oils contain a vast amount of contaminants which are the main drivers for corrosion, fouling and downstream catalyst poisoning in industrial steam cracking plants. Contaminants are therefore crucial to evaluate the steam cracking feasibility of these alternative feedstocks. Indeed, current plastic waste pyrolysis oils exceed typical feedstock specifications for numerous known contaminants, e.g. nitrogen (∼1650 vs. 100 ppm max.), oxygen (∼1250 vs. 100 ppm max.), chlorine (∼1460vs. 3 ppm max.), iron (∼33 vs. 0.001 ppm max.), sodium (∼0.8 vs. 0.125 ppm max.)and calcium (∼17vs. 0.5 ppm max.). Pyrolysis oils produced from post-consumer plastic waste can only meet the current specifications set for industrial steam cracker feedstocks if they are upgraded, with hydrogen based technologies being the most effective, in combination with an effective pre-treatment of the plastic waste such as dehalogenation. Moreover, steam crackers are reliant on a stable and predictable feedstock quality and quantity representing a challenge with plastic waste being largely influenced by consumer behavior, seasonal changes and local sorting efficiencies. Nevertheless, with standardization of sorting plants this is expected to become less problematic in the coming decade.Composting is useful for treatment of residues from agribusiness, but the potential toxicity of the final compost should be evaluated before its agricultural destination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics and the toxicity of agribusiness residues using onion seeds as bioindicators. All tested treatments were composed by sludge from a swine slaughterhouse and sawdust. Besides the control, which included no additional materials, the other treatments included aviary bedding, rice husk and residue from tobacco industries as structuring materials. After 120 days of composting, for all treatments, the temperature inside the composting piles approached the environmental temperature, the physicochemical parameters indicated that the composts were stabilized and, except for the treatment including tobacco residues, that could be used for agriculture without impairing plant germination. Although the treatments including tobacco residues and rice husk showed evidence of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity at the beginning of the composting period, that was not observed for the treatment including aviary bedding. Such potential toxicity was not observed at the end of composting for any of the tested treatments.Public policies, incentives, and infrastructure are top-down instruments that can align stakeholders' roles and expectations for Circular Economy (CE) transitions, but it is crucial to analyse the possible effects of such instruments before implementation. This research investigates the Brazilian Industrial Agreement for Electrical and Electronic Equipment (BIAEEE) that governs the responsibilities and targets for nationwide collection and treatment of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE). A system dynamics simulation model is adapted for the use of smartphones in Brazil, and interventions focused on the collection of end-of-life products are examined against the BIAEEE targets. Twelve policy scenarios investigate three aspects of EEE collection coverage increase, distribution of collection points and rewards. All scenarios show improvement in the EEE collection, but only one meets the BIAEEE targets. This research demonstrates how modelling and simulation can inform strategic decision-making in public policies for CE transitions.Food systems of the future will need to face an increasingly clear reality - that a protein-rich diet is essential for good health, but traditional meat products will not suffice to ensure safety, sustainability, and equity of food supply chains at a global scale. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of bioprocess technologies needed for cell-based meat production and challenges in reaching commercial scale. Specifically, it reviews state-of-the-art bioprocess technologies, current limitations, and opportunities for research across four domains cell line development, cell culture media, scaffolding, and bioreactors. This also includes exploring innovations to make cultured meat a viable protein alternative across numerous key performance indicators and for specific applications where traditional livestock is not an option (e.g., local production, space exploration). The paper explores tradeoffs between production scale, product quality, production cost, and footprint over different time horizons. Finally, a discussion explores various factors that may impact the ability to successfully scale and market cultured meat products social acceptance, environmental tradeoffs, regulatory guidance, and public health benefits.