Pipermorris1842

To evaluate the impact of running-related injuries (RRIs) on activities of daily living (ADL), work, healthcare utilization, and estimated costs.

Prospective cohort study with data from a randomized controlled trial.

Adult recreational runners who registered for a running event (distances 5 to 42km) were included in this study. Minimum follow-up duration was 3months (preparation, event participation, and post-race period). Injuries were registered using a standardized definition. Primary outcome measure was a standardized 5-item survey on limitations in ADL. The survey data were categorized to the number of injured runners with complete/moderate/no limitations. This outcome was expressed as the percentage of injured runners with any limitation (complete or moderate limitations amalgamated). Secondary outcomes were work absenteeism, the number of healthcare visits per injured runner, and estimated direct medical and indirect costs per participant and per RRI.

1929 runners (mean [SD] age 41 [12] years, 53% men) were included in this study and 883 runners (46%) sustained a RRI during the course of the study. Injured runners reported the highest limitations (% with any limitation) of RRIs during the first week of injury on sports and leisure activities (70%) and transportation activities (23%). 39% of the injured runners visited a healthcare professional. Work absenteeism due to the RRI was reported in 5% of the injured runners. The total mean estimated costs were €74 per RRI and €35 per participant.

Injured runners are mainly limited in their transportation activities and during sports and leisure. While the estimated costs of RRIs are not high when expressed per participant, the absolute costs may be substantial due to the popularity of running.

Injured runners are mainly limited in their transportation activities and during sports and leisure. While the estimated costs of RRIs are not high when expressed per participant, the absolute costs may be substantial due to the popularity of running.

Maternal lifestyle during pregnancy may affect the development of overweight and obesity in the child. We examined whether maternal exercise during pregnancy is associated with offspring overweight and obesity in childhood. A secondary aim was to examine whether the association is affected by the child's physical activity level.

This study is based on data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), including 44 352 pregnancies and children (n=32 304 in week 17 and n=32 419 in week 30 in the final adjusted model). Maternal exercise during pregnancy was self-reported in gestational weeks 17 and 30. We conducted linear and logistic regression separately for girls and boys, and outcomes were the child's body mass index (BMI) and weight status (overweight/obese) at age 7years. We further examined the additive joint association between maternal exercise during pregnancy and the child's leisure time physical activity on weight status at age 7years.

In total, 12.4% of the children were classified as overweight or obese, and 1.7% as obese. The results suggest no association between maternal exercise in both gestational weeks 17 and 30 and the weight status of the child at age 7years. The association between maternal exercise and the child's weight status at age 7years appears not to be affected by the child's physical activity level.

Maternal exercise level during pregnancy does not appear to be associated with the child's BMI or odds of being overweight or obese in childhood.

Maternal exercise level during pregnancy does not appear to be associated with the child's BMI or odds of being overweight or obese in childhood.

Members of genus Rhodotorula are widely distributed in nature and have been traditionally considered non-pathogenic. Last few decades have seen the yeast as an emerging pathogen. We observed increase in numbers of Rhodotorula isolates from ocular infections in last few years, thus this prospective study was planned.

To identify the species of Rhodotorula isolates from ocular infections. To know the antifungal susceptibilities and study the biofilm formation attributes of the isolates.

Rhodotorula isolates were speciated using conventional methods, Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption and Ionisation - Time of Flight (MALDI- TOF) and sequencing of ITS region of ribosomal DNA. Antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) was done using disc diffusion and E-test. Biofilm formation was studied using XTT [2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfo-phenyl)-2H-tetra-zolium-5-carboxanilide] assay.

Twenty four isolates (92.3%) were identified as R.mucilaginosa and two as R.Minuta. AFST showed high MICs against Fluconazole, Amphodotorula up to species level. The study has shown high MICs against the conventional azoles, Amphotericin-B and Flucytosine. However, low MICs against Posaconazole and Natamycin give a hope for their possible therapeutic use.

Humectants perform essential roles in the formulation of topical moisturizing products in terms of delivery of active ingredients, consumer experience and biophysical behaviour. How they retain and release water is key to understanding their behaviour.

Dynamic vapour sorption (DVS) was used to monitor the dehydration kinetics of three humectants widely used in topical formulations-glycerine, dexpanthenol and urea. Model aqueous solutions with concentrations of 20% w/w were tested and compared against pure deionized water.

The three humectants varied in their ability to retain water during the dehydration process. Dexpanthenol was able to retain water most efficiently during the latter stages of dehydration. Urea demonstrated evidence of crystallization during the final stage of water loss, which was not shown by glycerine or dexpanthenol.

Humectants perform vital roles in the formulation of consumer acceptable topical products including the delivery of actives to the skin. Their ability to influence water movement in the skin is also essential for the maintenance of stratum corneum flexibility. DVS assessment of aqueous solutions has demonstrated how the behaviour of three commonly used humectants differs. Knowledge of the mechanisms by which these humectants operate enables the formulator to develop topical products optimized for the roles for which they are intended.

Humectants perform vital roles in the formulation of consumer acceptable topical products including the delivery of actives to the skin. Ibrutinib purchase Their ability to influence water movement in the skin is also essential for the maintenance of stratum corneum flexibility. DVS assessment of aqueous solutions has demonstrated how the behaviour of three commonly used humectants differs. Knowledge of the mechanisms by which these humectants operate enables the formulator to develop topical products optimized for the roles for which they are intended.