Pihlrandrup2242

Interactions of docked complexes were visualized by DimPlot. Three pathogenic bacterial proteins i.e., enterochelin esterase (3MGA), protective antigen (3J9C) and putative lipoprotein (4KT3) were selected as candidate interaction partners of DYNLL1. The putative lipoprotein (4KT3) showed low quality binding with DYNLL1. So, enterochelin esterase (3MGA) and protective antigen (3J9C) were speculated to be involved in human bacterial infections by using DYNLL1 to reach their target sites. © 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.Trypanosoma evansi is a hazardous pathogenic parasite infecting a broad variety of livestock and affects wildlife worldwide. Trypanosoma evansi has gained resistance to most drugs used; therefore, it requires alternative medicines. The objective of this research was to investigate the impact of Indigofera oblongifolia leaf extract (IE) on T. evansi-induced hepatic injury. Mice were once infected with 1000 T. evansi. The treated group was gavaged with 100 mg/Kg IE after infection. Histological and biochemical changes in mice hepatic tissue were studied. Also, the oxidative damage in the liver was evaluated through determining the level of glutathione (GSH), Malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and catalase (CAT) markers. IE was able to suppress the induced parasitemia due to infection. Also, IE improved the histological liver architecture. Furthermore, the liver enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were improved after IE mice were treated. IE protects against hepatic damage caused by trypanosomiasis in mice. Further studies are needed to isolate the active compounds in IE and to monitor these compunds' ameliorative function. © 2019 The Author(s).Camels are an integral and essential component of the Saudi Arabian heritage. The genetic diversity and population genetic structure of dromedary camels are poorly documented in Saudi Arabia so this study was carried out to investigate the genetic diversity of both local and exotic camel breeds. The genetic diversity was evaluated within and among camel populations using 21 microsatellite loci. Hair and blood samples were collected from 296 unrelated animals representing 4 different local breeds, namely Majaheem (MG), Maghateer (MJ), Sofr (SO), and Shaul (SH), and two exotic breeds namely Sawahli (SL) and Somali (SU). Nineteen out of 21 microsatellite loci generated multi-locus fingerprints for the studied camel individuals, with an average of 13.3 alleles per locus. Based on the genetic analyses, the camels were divided into two groups one contained the Saudi indigenous populations (MG, MJ, SH and SO) and the other contained the non-Saudi ones (SU and SL). There was very little gene flow occurring between the two groups. The African origin of SU and SL breeds may explain their close genetic relationship. It is anticipated that the genetic diversity assessment is important to preserve local camel genetic resources and develop future breeding programs to improve camel productivity. © 2019 The Author(s).Cigarette waste/litter is considered a major environmental contamination problem worldwide as trillions of cigarettes are smoked worldwide and a large part of that, cigarette waste, is disposed of in the open areas including roads, parks, and streets, etc. cigarette litter is the most commonly found litter. It is mainly cigarette filter, made of cellulose acetate, and unburnt part of the tobacco filler. Filters from smoked cigarettes contain a significant amount of tar trapped in it. The tar contains thousands of chemicals and heavy metals. Both of these organic and inorganic constituents have been reported to be toxic to humans and cause a variety of diseases including inflammatory lung diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. Cigarette litter is a significant environmental concern as the chemicals and heavy metals can leach into the soil or water sources and pose threat to animals and plants, from there they can enter into the food chain as well. Several reports indicate toxicities to aquatic and teraudi Arabia. © 2019 The Author(s).Species belonging to genus, Thysanoplusia Fabricius of the subfamily Plusiinae which are polyphagous in nature and pest of vegetables, foods, legumes, fodder, fruits, ornamental plants and cotton crops. Samples were collected from different localities of district Bahawalpur. For collection, comprehensive and comparative surveys were carried out during 2017-18 on taxonomic account of species of the genus Thysanoplusia Fabricius and resulted identified one species Thysanoplusia orichalcea (Fabricius) first time from Pakistan. Morphological characters viz., vertex, frons, labial palpi, antennae, compound eyes, ocelli, proboscis, wing venation, male and female genital characteristics were used for the identification and classification. Dichotomous keys and photographs are also provided. There is hardly any substantial research work on taxonomic studies of subfamily Plusiinae Pakistan. So to fill this gap the present proposal was designed to study the diversity of Noctuid moths from Pakistan and very fruitful results have been obtained. © 2019 The Authors.Irrigation of industrial effluents may end in the bioaccumulation of various toxic metals and consequent genetic changes in contaminated food crops. To test this hypothesis and extent of genetic modifications, Allium cepa test was performed to food crops viz. tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) and chili (Capsicum annum) as Allium cepa test is a useful tool to assess genetic variations in plants. Prior to A. cepa test, the plants were exposed to various metal concentrations 125-1000 mg/L in the synthetic wastewater. The extracts of harvested plants were used to grow the root of A. cepa following its standard method. The root tips were fixed, stained and examined under compound microscope (almost 300-400 dividing cells) to check the extent of chromosomal variations during various stages of mitosis. The results revealed various chromosomal abnormalities including laggards, stickiness, vagrant chromosomes, binucleated cells, nuclear lesions, giant cells and c-mitosis at different level of treatment. On the whole, aberrations were increasing with the increasing doses along the positive control. In comparison, chili crop had higher level of aberrations depicting the higher chromosomal changes. Lower mitotic index (MI) with increasing level of doses was also describing the hampered cell division due to increased metal stress. The study is showing that the cell division was ceased with increasing metal stress thus increasing the rate of cell aberrations. © 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.Throughout the vegetative life of Bacillus thuringiensis, vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip) are produced and secreted. In the present study, the vip3 gene isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis, an Egyptian isolate, was successfully amplified (2.4 kbp) and expressed using bacterial expression system. The molecular mass of the expressed protein was verified using SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis. Whiteflies were also screened for susceptibility to the expressed Vip3 protein (LC50). In addition, ST50 was determined to assess the kill speed of the expressed Vip3 protein against whiteflies compared to the whole vegetative proteins. The results showed that the potency of whole B. thuringiensis vegetative proteins against whiteflies was slightly higher than the expressed Vip3 protein with 4.7-fold based on LC50 value. However, the ST50 parameter showed no significant difference between both the B. Gefitinib chemical structure thuringiensis vegetative proteins and the expressed Vip3 alone. The results showed that the vip3 gene was successfully expressed in an active form which showed high susceptibility to whiteflies based on the virulence parameters LC50 and ST50. To our knowledge, this study showed for the first time the high toxicity of the expressed Vip3 proteins of B. thuringiensis toward whiteflies as a hopeful and promising bio-control agent. © 2019 The Author(s).To explore the correlation between the trace elements in the proximal femur and BMP-2, BMP-7 and STRO-1+ cells in hip replacement, and analyze the therapeutic effect of prosthesis loosening in clinic. Fifty-one patients undergone the first hip replacement in xxx hospital from August 2016 to August 2019 were selected as the study subjects, including 26 females and 25 males, aged 52-89 years. The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were cultured in vitro for flow cytometry, and the string-1+ in BMSCs was detected and analyzed. After that, the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) in the cells were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the content of trace elements in the supernatant was detected by radioimmunoassay, and the collected data were analyzed statistically. In the analysis of the content of trace elements, it was found that the correlation between trace elements was dependent on the separation area, and all trace elements had no correlation with BMP2. Ca2+, Mg2+ were correlated with the level of BMP7 and Ca2+, VD3 was correlated with the percentage of STOR-1+ cells. Further analysis showed that the correlation between trace elements was dependent on bone mineral density (BMD) area, and there was a positive correlation between vitamin D3 (VD3), parathyroid hormone (PTH), zinc, and BMD in zone 7. To sum up, it is found that trace elements may be related to prosthesis loosening, which provides experimental basis for the treatment of prosthesis loosening later. © 2020 The Author(s).In green chemistry, the application of a biogenic material as a mediator in nanoparticles formation is an innovative nanotechnology. Our current investigation aimed at testing the cytotoxic potential and antimicrobial ability of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) that were prepared using Calligonum comosum roots and Azadirachta indica leaf extracts as stabilizing and reducing agents. An agar well diffusion technique was employed to detect synthesized AgNPs antibacterial ability on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus bacterial strains. Furthermore, their cytotoxic capability against LoVo, MDA-MB231 and HepG2 ca cells was investigated. For phyto-chemical detection in the biogenic AgNPs the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was considered. Zeta sizer, TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope) and FE-SEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope) were used to detect biogenic AgNPs' size and morphology. The current results showed the capability of tested plant extract for conversion of Ag ions to AgNPs with a mean size ranging between 90.8 ± 0.8 and 183.2 ± 0.7 nm in diameter. Furthermore, prepared AgNPs exhibited apoptotic potential against HepG2, LoVo, and MDA-MB 231cell with IC50 ranging between 10.9 and 21.4 μg/ml and antibacterial ability in the range of 16.0 ± 0.1 to 22.0 ± 1.8 mm diameter. Activation of caspases in AgNPs treated cells could be the main indicator for their positive effect causing apoptosis. The current investigation suggested that the green production of AgNPs could be a suitable substitute to large-scale production of AgNPs, since stable and active nanoparticles could be obtained. © 2019 The Authors.