Philipsenovesen4870

65 ± 2.74, NPC 5.62 ± 1.71; P < 0.001).

Significant changes in NITM and accommodation function should be expected in the short term following LASIK surgery. This study supports the importance of evaluating accommodative parameters and patient counselling prior to and following refractive surgery.

Significant changes in NITM and accommodation function should be expected in the short term following LASIK surgery. This study supports the importance of evaluating accommodative parameters and patient counselling prior to and following refractive surgery.

To study the relationship between the amplitude of accommodation (AA) measured by the Royal Air Force (RAF) rule and near addition (NA) prescribed in presbyopic patients to assess how far practice is different from theoretical recommendations.

Patients, aged 40 to 60 years with best corrected vision of 6/6 N5 were included in this cross sectional observational study. AA was measured using the RAF rule. Selleckchem JZL184 Refined with near Duochrome chart, the NA was given with the chart at 40 cm. Accommodative reserve was calculated from the measured AA, NA required and the calculated additional accommodation expended by the patient for reading. The percentage of reserve was calculated with and without the correction for depth-of-field.

A total of 130 patients were studied. In the patients above 50 years of age, the negative correlation of AA with age was -0.298 (P = 0.065) and AA and NA was -0.365 (P = 0.002) was weak. Among the patients aged between 40 and 50 years, the negative correlation of AA with Age and NA were strong; -0.853 (P < 0.0001) and -0.823 (P < 0.0001) respectively. When prescribing glasses, 62.01% (CI 58.78 to 65.23) and 90.93% (CI 62.50 to 119.37) of the AA was found to be kept in reserve for patients below and above 50 years of age respectively.

Accommodative reserve kept in our study patients when prescribing NA was two to three times the theoretical recommendation. High percentage of accommodation kept in reserve suggest that the measured AA is not activated normally and require higher NA and one should not rely on patient's ability to generate accommodative power especially in patients over 50 years.

Accommodative reserve kept in our study patients when prescribing NA was two to three times the theoretical recommendation. High percentage of accommodation kept in reserve suggest that the measured AA is not activated normally and require higher NA and one should not rely on patient's ability to generate accommodative power especially in patients over 50 years.

Analysis of complication profile after pterygium excision, in primary and recurrent pterygia.

Retrospective analysis of all the patients who had undergone pterygium excision in a tertiary center in South India from 2010 to 2018 was analyzed. A total of 2356 eyes in 2028 patients were included in the study. Patients who had undergone conjunctival autografting for primary pterygium, conjunctival limbal autografting for recurrent pterygium, vertical split conjunctival autografting for double head pterygium were included in the study. In all the surgical procedures fibrin glue was used for fixation of the autograft. The follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 75 months, with an average of 17 months. Patients with less than 6 months of follow-up were excluded from the study.

The following postoperative complications were noted, Sub-conjunctival hemorrhage in 912 eyes (38.7%), edema of the graft in 522 cases (22.15%), graft loss in 22 cases (0.93%), graft retraction in 692 cases (29.37%) and sliding of the graft was seen in 9 cases (0.38%). Granuloma was seen in 4 cases (0.16%) at the host site and 5 cases (0.21%) at the donor site. Recurrence was seen in 34 patients (1.44%). Other severe complications like corneal melt were seen in only 1 case (0.04%) who was operated on for recurrent pterygium. In comparison between primary and recurrent pterygia; subconjunctival hemorrhage, edema of the graft, graft loss, and recurrence was significantly (P < 0.05%) higher in recurrent pterygia.

Various complications can occur post pterygium surgery as listed above. Selecting a proper procedure for a particular type of pterygium with a proper graft fixation technique will improve the outcome with minimal complications.

Various complications can occur post pterygium surgery as listed above. Selecting a proper procedure for a particular type of pterygium with a proper graft fixation technique will improve the outcome with minimal complications.

Smoking is a global health problem with a high burden of smokers in India and the world as well. Smoking is a known eye irritant that may have a significant effect on the anterior ocular surface. Hence, the present study was aimed to investigate the effect of smoking on dry eye parameters, ocular surface, and central corneal thickness (CCT) and to compare the results with nonsmokers.

In this cross-sectional study, 40 (80 eyes) smokers and 40 (80 eyes) age-matched nonsmokers were included. The severity of ocular surface disease symptoms was assessed by the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) tool. All participants underwent a series of measurements, that is, the Schirmer's II test score and tear breakup time (TBUT). Tear meniscus height (TMH) and CCT were measured using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT).

The mean value of all dry eye parameters was statistically different among the group of smokers and nonsmokers. The mean score of symptomatic assessment (OSDI) was observed to be significantly higher in smokers than in nonsmokers (P < 0.0001), and dry eye parameters, that is, Schirmer's score (P = 0.0127), TMH (P < 0.0001), and TBUT (P < 0.0001) were significantly lower among smokers than nonsmokers. There was no significant difference in CCT between smokers and nonsmokers (P = 0.06).

Cigarette smoking has deteriorating effects on the ocular surface. Exposure to smoking was found to be associated with dryness of the eye. Further studies are needed on a molecular basis.

Cigarette smoking has deteriorating effects on the ocular surface. Exposure to smoking was found to be associated with dryness of the eye. Further studies are needed on a molecular basis.