Pettybruce0009

Tacrolimus treatment induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagic activity was enhanced in kidney organoids. Rapamycin, as an autophagy inducer, accelerated cell death in the kidney organoids model of tacrolimus nephrotoxicity, which were attenuated by treatment of 3-methyladenine, as an autophagy inhibitor. These findings indicate that augmentation of autophagy by treatment of rapamycin accelerated tacrolimus nephrotoxicity.

Our data suggest that human kidney organoids are an effective in vitro model of tacrolimus nephrotoxicity and autophagy plays a critical role in tacrolimus nephrotoxicity.

Our data suggest that human kidney organoids are an effective in vitro model of tacrolimus nephrotoxicity and autophagy plays a critical role in tacrolimus nephrotoxicity.

We assessed the diagnostic yield of chest computed tomography (CT) as an initial diagnostic method for patients with a tuberculosis (TB) infection detected by mass screening in a country with an intermediate TB burden.

A retrospective study was conducted on patients with TB infection detected by mass screening performed between January 2015 and March 2018. The patients were classified according to whether they had a chest X-ray (CXR) or CT scan as an initial diagnostic test to exclude active TB.

Of 542 patients with TB infection detected by mass screening, 222 and 320 were initially examined by CXR and CT, respectively; the two modalities showed no significant difference in rate of detection of patients with active TB (0.9% and 2.5%, respectively; P=0.110). However, chest CT was associated with further invasive tests using bronchoscopy and respiratory specimens, and significantly increased the frequency of hospital visits.

Chest CT was not supported as an initial diagnostic method to rule out active TB in patients with a TB infection detected by mass screening in a country with an intermediate TB burden.

Chest CT was not supported as an initial diagnostic method to rule out active TB in patients with a TB infection detected by mass screening in a country with an intermediate TB burden.

Anti-phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) autoantibody is the main biomarker of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). We aimed to find a new cutoff value of anti-PLA2R for patients with IMN and to explore the relevance between this antibody and baseline clinical parameters.

A total of 670 subjects including 374 IMN cases and 296 non-IMN controls were included between January 2017 and January 2020. All clinical parameters were collected at the time of renal biopsy. The levels of anti-PLA2R were detected by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The optimal cutoff value was calculated by a receiver operating characteristic curve and compared in diagnostic efficiency.

The optimal cutoff value of anti-PLA2R for IMN was 7.45 RU/mL with the highest Youden index, and the corresponding sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 80.75%, 97.97%, 98.05% and 80.11%, respectively. Anti-PLA2R levels in IMN patients demonstrated a significant positive correlation with serum creatinine and 24-hour urinary protein, while they showed a negative correlation with serum albumin and estimated glomerular filtration rate.

The recommended cutoff value of anti-PLA2R is 7.45 RU/mL using ELISA detection for distinguishing IMN from non-IMN nephropathy. The level of anti-PLA2R is related to baseline renal function in IMN. This new threshold can improve the diagnostic efficiency and facilitate early diagnosis of IMN.

The recommended cutoff value of anti-PLA2R is 7.45 RU/mL using ELISA detection for distinguishing IMN from non-IMN nephropathy. The level of anti-PLA2R is related to baseline renal function in IMN. This new threshold can improve the diagnostic efficiency and facilitate early diagnosis of IMN.

In the modern era evidence-based medicine, guidelines and recommendations represent a key-point of daily activity. The Spinal Section of the Italian Society of Neurosurgery introduced some recommendations regarding Degenerative Lumbar Spine Stenosis based on those of the Spine Committee of World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies, revising them on the basis of Italian common practice.

In June 2019, a Committee of 21 spine surgeons met in Rome to validate the recommendations of the WFNS. Furthermore, they decided to review the ones that did not reach a consensus to create Italian Recommendations on Degenerative Lumbar Spine Stenosis. A literature review of the last ten years was performed and the statements were voted using the Delphi method.

41 statements were discussed and 7 statements were voted again to reach a consensus with respect to those of the WFNS. A total of 40 statements reached a consensus, of which 36 reached a positive consensus and 4 a negative consensus, while no consensus was reachequivalent to open decompressive surgery with some advantages and higher cost-effectiveness. Fusion surgery and mobility preserving surgery only have a marginal role in the treatment of DLSS without instability.

Acute subdural haematomas (ASDH) are found frequently following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and they are considered the most lethal type of mass lesions. The decision to perform a procedure to evacuate ASDH and the approach, either via craniotomy or decompressive craniectomy (DC), remains controversial.

We reviewed a prospectively collected series of 343 moderate to severe TBI patients in whom ASDH was the main lesion (ASDH volumes ≥10cc). Patients with early comfort measures (early mortality prediction >50% and not ICP monitored), bilateral ASDH or the presence of another intracranial haematoma with volumes exceeding two times the volume of the ASDH were excluded. Among them, 112 were managed conservatively, 65 underwent ASDH evacuation by craniotomy and 166 by DC (103 pre-emptive DC, 63 obligatory DC). Simnotrelvir We calculated the average treatment effect by propensity score (PS) analysis using the following covariates age, year, hypoxia, shock, pupils, major extracranial injury, motor score, MLS, ASDH volume, swelling, intraventricular and subarachnoid haemorrhage presence.