Perrygotfredsen6422

Robust research shows that parenting stress is associated with reduced parental sensitivity toward their children (i.e., parental responsiveness), thus negatively influencing child outcomes. While there is strong research supporting these associations, most studies utilize self-report measures of responsiveness and exclude fathers. This study examines whether observed parental responsiveness mediates the relationship between parenting stress and child cognitive development, prosocial behavior, and behavior problems in a large sample of diverse low-income families. Data were obtained from the Building Strong Families Project (N=1,173). Dyadic bootstrapped mediation models were estimated in Mplus. For mothers and fathers, parenting stress was negatively associated with responsiveness (B = -.08, 95% CI = [-.14, -.02], p = .012), and responsiveness was positively associated with child cognitive development (B = .15, 95% CI = [.11, .19], p less then .001) and child prosocial behavior (B = .12, 95% CI = [.08, .15], p less then .001). Mothers' responsiveness was negatively associated with child behavior problems (B = -.07, 95% CI = [-.13, -.01], p = .020), but fathers' responsiveness was not (B = -.01, 95% CI = [-.06, .05], p = .814). For mothers and fathers, parenting stress was indirectly related to child cognitive development and prosocial behavior via responsiveness. Indirect effects were not found for mothers or fathers when predicting child behavior problems. To improve children's wellbeing, interventions may consider strengthening responsiveness and reducing parental stress among both mothers and fathers.This study aimed to investigate the impact of previous maternal migration experiences on left-behind children's (LBC) mental health status and suicidal ideation, and the possible mediating role of parent-child communication. A cross-sectional study among rural children was conducted in Anhui, China, in 2018. LBC who self-reported that (a) their fathers were migrants and (b) they were living with their mothers at the time of the survey were included in this study. The participants were then divided into two subgroups by previous maternal migration experience. Previous maternal migration was associated with worse mental health and a higher prevalence of suicidal ideation among LBC compared with their peers. Healthy communication between children and parents fully mediates the adverse effects caused by previous maternal migration experiences on mental health among LBC, and communication with mother partially mediates the association with suicidal ideation. Communication classes for returning parents offered jointly by governments and schools could be an effective way to mitigate the impacts of maternal migration on child mental health and should be studied.We investigate the problem # IndSub ( Φ ) of counting all induced subgraphs of size k in a graph G that satisfy a given property Φ . This continues the work of Jerrum and Meeks who proved the problem to be # W [ 1 ] -hard for some families of properties which include (dis)connectedness [JCSS 15] and even- or oddness of the number of edges [Combinatorica 17]. Selleckchem Ipilimumab Using the recent framework of graph motif parameters due to Curticapean, Dell and Marx [STOC 17], we discover that for monotone properties Φ , the problem # IndSub ( Φ ) is hard for # W [ 1 ] if the reduced Euler characteristic of the associated simplicial (graph) complex of Φ is non-zero. This observation links # IndSub ( Φ ) to Karp's famous Evasiveness Conjecture, as every graph complex with non-vanishing reduced Euler characteristic is known to be evasive. Applying tools from the "topological approach to evasiveness" which was introduced in the seminal paper of Khan, Saks and Sturtevant [FOCS 83], we prove that # IndSub ( Φ ) is # W [ 1 ] -hard for every monotone property Φ that does not hold on the Hamilton cycle as well as for some monotone properties that hold on the Hamilton cycle such as being triangle-free or not k-edge-connected for k > 2 . Moreover, we show that for those properties # IndSub ( Φ ) can not be solved in time f ( k ) · n o ( k ) for any computable function f unless the Exponential Time Hypothesis (ETH) fails. In the final part of the paper, we investigate non-monotone properties and prove that # IndSub ( Φ ) is # W [ 1 ] -hard if Φ is any non-trivial modularity constraint on the number of edges with respect to some prime q or if Φ enforces the presence of a fixed isolated subgraph.Gas Chromatography/Differential Mobility Spectrometry (GC/DMS) is an effective tool to discern volatile chemicals. The process of correlating GC/DMS data outputs to chemical identities requires time and effort from trained chemists due to lack of commercially available software and the lack of appropriate libraries. This paper describes the coupling of computer vision techniques to develop models for peak detection and can align chemical signatures across datasets. The result is an automatically generated peak table that provides integrated peak areas for the inputted samples. The software was tested against a simulated dataset, whereby the number of detected features highly correlated to the number of actual features (r2 = 0.95). This software has also been developed to include random forests, a discriminant analysis technique that generates prediction models for application to unknown samples with different chemical signatures. In an example dataset described herein, the model achieves 3% classification error with 12 trees and 0% classification error with 48 trees. The number of trees can be optimized based on the computational resources available. We expect the public release of this software can provide other GC/DMS researchers with a tool for automated featured extraction and discriminant analysis capabilities.Human spaceflight and the characteristics of people who become astronauts have changed over time. Here we present an analysis of n=1,265 manned spaceflights by n=562 astronauts from 1961-2020 to investigate historical trends over time and between space agencies in terms of astronaut demographics and spaceflight duration. Generalized linear models and generalized linear mixed models were implemented with adjustments for all available demographic data as covariates. Women continue to be underrepresented as astronauts, and were younger, had fewer children, and were less likely to have a military background than their male counterparts. Astronaut age has increased over time, although this increase was significant only for first-time spaceflights. The proportion of astronauts from civilian backgrounds has generally increased over time, although there is evidence this trend may be reversing. Spaceflight duration has increased over time, and has been longest for ROSCOSMOS cosmonauts and shortest for Chinese taikonauts.