Penningtonkarstensen9779

Moreover, the influences of the diameter of Al ND, dielectric substrate with different refractive index, and the oxidation of Al ND on these two modes are also investigated. Particularly, the quadrupolar mode disappears with surface roughness and oxidation, explaining why this mode is very weak and sometimes barely visible on evaporated Al nanostructures reported in the literature. Finally, these results are experimentally confirmed by characterizing the optical properties of periodic Al ND arrays.Epoxy resins (ERs) have extraordinary mechanical, electrical and chemical properties, and are widely used in the aerospace, electronics and marine industries. Nonetheless, solidified ERs have intrinsic brittleness and low wear resistance. Until now, the promotion of the wear resistance of ER is limited to 30 times, through blending from one to four reinforcing materials. Therefore, it has been a challenge to enhance the wear resistance of ER to over 30 times. Additionally, mechanisms to improve the tribological properties of polymer composites are elusive. In this study, novel ER/graphene composites (ECs) were developed, and the wear resistance of EC with 5 wt% graphene (EC5) was shown to be 628 times that of pure ER at 10 N. To the best of our knowledge, the unprecedented enhancement of wear resistance for ER is the highest reported. The enhancement mechanisms of graphene reinforcement to ER were determined by molecular dynamics simulations. When the content of graphene reaches 5 wt%, exfoliated graphene flakes adhere the most on the surface of a stainless-steel ball during sliding tests, reducing the wear most effectively. However, when the content of graphene is over 5 wt%, graphene flakes accumulate inside the composites, and less exfoliated graphene flakes adhere to the surface of the ball during sliding, increasing the wear. The developed binary ECs are light-weight and cost-effective and have minimal impact on the environment. This composite has many potential applications for high-performance components used in the aerospace, electronics and marine industries.The interest of the scientific community for 2D graphene analogues has been recently focused on 2D-Xene materials from Group 14. Among them, germanene and its derivatives have shown great potential because of their large bandgap and easily tuneable electronic and optical properties. With the latter having been already explored, the use of chemically modified germanenes for optical bio-recognition is yet to be investigated. Herein, we have synthesized two germanene materials with different surface ligands namely hydrogenated germanene (Ge-H) and methylated germanene (Ge-Me) and used them as an optical platform for the label-free biorecognition of Ochratoxin A (OTA), a highly carcinogenic food contaminant. It was discovered that firstly the surface ligands on chemically modified germanenes have strong influence on the intrinsic fluorescence of the material; secondly they also highly affect both the bio-conjugation ability and the bio-recognition efficiency of the material towards the detection of the analyte. An improved calibration sensitivity, together with superior reproducibility and linearity of response, was obtained with a methylated germanene (Ge-Me) material, indicating also the better suitability of the latter for real sample analysis. Such research is highly beneficial for the development and optimization of 2D material based optical platforms for fast and cost-effective bioassays.Herein we report the development of a new periodate-based reactive assay system for the fluorescent detection of the cis-diol metabolites produced by Rieske dioxygenases. click here This sensitive and diastereoselective assay system successfully evaluates the substrate scope of Rieske dioxygenases and determines the relative activity of a rationally designed Rieske dioxygenase variant library. The high throughput capacity of the assay system enables rapid and efficient substrate scope investigations and screening of large dioxygenase variant libraries.Examples of chelating ligands that incorporate P-O donors are seldom encountered. Herein, a series of novel bridging diphosphate ligand supported bimetallic Zr(iv), V(iii) and Ni(ii) complexes have been derived from reactions of the oxyphosphorane (C6Cl4O2)P(OEt)3 with the corresponding metal halides. The mechanism is probed and shown to involve elimination of ethyl halide, and ring opening affording the chelating phosphate-catecholate ligands.The carrier generation process and spin dynamics through photoexcitation in the vacuum vapour deposition film of 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-Pn) were investigated by temperature dependence measurements of photocurrent and electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR). The EDMR signal was constructed from two components and showed a maximum at approximately 200 K. The temperature dependence was analysed using quantum mechanical simulation, assuming the carrier dynamics of the weakly coupled electron-hole pair (e-h pair). In addition, the analytical formula of photocurrent generation and EDMR signal intensity were also derived based on classical rate equations and used to understand the carrier dynamics. Through phase-shift analysis in quadrature detection of the EDMR signals, one of the two components was well analysed by using a narrow Lorentzian shape, and the other was by using a broad Gaussian.The geometric and electronic structures of AnCl3 are studied computationally using scalar relativistic, hybrid density functional theory (PBE0). The An-Cl bond lengths generally decrease across the 5f series, although there is a slight lengthening from Fm-Cl to No-Cl as the metal ions display increasing M(ii) character. Covalency in the An-Cl bond is studied using a wide range of metrics drawn from the Natural Bond Orbital, Natural Resonance Theory and Quantum Theory of Atoms-in-Molecules (QTAIM) methods, including bond order, orbital composition, orbital overlap and electron density topology data. Most metrics agree that the later An-Cl bonds are less ionic than might be anticipated on the basis of trends in the first half of the series, due to energy degeneracy-driven covalency in the β spin manifold; for example, the An-Cl QTAIM delocalisation index (bond order) for MdCl3 (0.88) is almost exactly the same as for NpCl3 (0.89). By contrast, the ratio of the kinetic to potential energy densities at the An-Cl bond critical points indicates that ionicity increases across the series, suggesting that the delocalisation index measures both orbital overlap and energy degeneracy-based covalency, while the bond critical point metric gauges only the former.