Peckhart0844

CONCLUSION The pretreatments indicated that the dipping dates in sodium meta-bisulfate solution or sulfur dioxide then, dried at 60˚C produce high quality parameters of semi-dry dates comparing control and ascorbic acid.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Reproduction system is affected by nutrient status of the animal. Flushing is one of reproduction program where the animal should give good quality diet. This study was aimed to evaluate etawah crossbred does reproduction performance giving flushing diet with different fat sources. The fat of plant oils are sunflower and flaxseed and from animal oils are tallow and Lemuru fish. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty four of Etawah crossbred does (average body weight 33.83±3.70 kg) were used in this experiment by using completely randomized block design. There are four treatments with four animals of each treatment. The treatments were flushing diet containing 5% sunflower oil (R1), 5.2% flaxseed oil (R2), 5.3% tallow (R3) and 5% Lemuru fish oil (R4). Treatment was given three weeks before and two weeks after matting, following 2 weeks before partus. During pregnant, the does were given basal diet (ratio concentratenapier grass was 7030). Body condition score, nutrient status, blood metabolite and hormone and also performance reproduction were evaluated. RESULTS The nutrient consumption was same in all treatment. Blood glucose were same in all treatments but the highest blood cholesterol was in R3 during estrus and in R4 during mid gestation. The highest plasma estradiol was in R1 during early gestation, while the highest plasma progesterone was in R2 during late gestation. Litter size and birth weight were same in all treatment, while the highest total embryo was in R2 treatment. CONCLUSION It is concluded that flaxseed oil for flushing diet was significantly increased number of total embryo.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Protein considered the second main nutrient in diet formulation for all types of animals after energy. Present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different treatments on the nutritive value of Jatropha meal (JM) by in vitro and in vivo trials as protein source in sheep diet. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, gas production and phorbol esters (PE) were recorded for physically, chemically and biologically treated Jatropha meal. Infigratinib cost In vivo digestibility was measured by using 24 Barki rams randomly assigned into 4 nutritional groups (6 animals/treatment) as follow 1) control ration and in 2, 3 and 4 groups cotton seed meal replaced with 30, 45 and 60% heated Jatropha meal (HJM). RESULTS The various treatments raised DM (Dry matter), CP (Crude protein), NFE (Nitrogen free extract) and ash, whereas reduced OM (Organic matter), CF (Crude fiber) and EE (Ether extract) content in JM, the results of in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) have a significant height (p less then 0.01) for physical followed by the chemical and biological treatments. Otherwise high significant results (p less then 0.01) for gas production for different treatments was observed. The different treatments decreased the concentration of PE in JM than untreated. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that all treatments especially heat enhanced chemical composition, IVDMD of JM and gas production. Feeding values were better with the ratio 30 and 45%.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Medicinal plants are fast becoming essential pharmaceuticals for disease and infection management. The vast antimicrobial properties of these plants reside in the inhibitory properties of their endogenous secondary metabolites. Therefore, this study aimed to assess if the volatile oil of Syzygium samarangense inhibits enteric bacteria growth and its effect against the caseinolytic activity of the extracellular protease of Salmonella typhimurium. MATERIALS AND METHODS The volatile oil was extracted by hydrodistillation, while the antimicrobial assay was assessed with the microdilution method. The extracellular protease was partially purified by salting out, followed by size-exclusion chromatography. The mode of inhibition of this enzyme was deduced from the enzyme-substrate kinetics using a line-weaver burke plot. RESULTS The antimicrobial properties of the oil were reported against ten enteric bacteria. Proteus vulgaris has the highest IC50 value of 0.75±0.004% v/v, while S. typhimurium, the most sensitive bacterium, showed the lowest IC50 value of 0.17±0.005% v/v. The extracellular protease of S. typhimurium was partially purified to achieve 3.73 purification fold and 314.2 μmol min-1 mg-1 protein. The optimal caseinolytic activity of this enzyme was found at pH 7.5 and 40 °C. The protease showed significantly higher activity in the presence of Zn2+ (9.3±0.33 U min-1) as compared to the control (7.0±0.58 U min-1) (p less then 0.05), however, K+, Ca2+, Co2+, Ba2+, Pb2+ and Hg2+ considerably reduced the enzyme activity. The activity of this enzyme was competitively inhibited by the volatile oil as an inhibitor. CONCLUSION The volatile oil of S. samarangense inhibited a wide range of enteric bacteria and, therefore proposed as a potential antimicrobial agent. Inhibiting the extracellular protease of S. typhimurium may be one of its modes of action against these pathogens.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Pomegranate is grown for its rich flavour in numerous tropical and subtropical areas, like Egypt and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Assessing the genetic background of the pomegranate is the key to its expansion through the Middle East, where tissue culture reproduction strategies could be used to solve environmental and economic problems. This study aimed at studying the genetic stability of 2 pomegranate genotypes in vitro micro-propagated in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia by using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) tools. MATERIALS AND METHODS The two above mentioned molecular tools were used to evaluate the DNA fingerprints of Taify and Yemeni pomegranate genotypes 12 weeks post in vitro propagation in Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia compared to the mother plant. Shoot tip explants of 4-5 cm long were grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented by 1.0 mg L-1 NAA, 2.00 mg L-1 IBA and 2 g L-1 activated carbon for 4 weeks for rooting. On 12 weeks DNA extracts were prepared from the acquired plantlets obtained and used as templates for each of RAPD-PCR and ISSR tools. RESULTS The RAPD-PCR and ISSR assays generated a total of 79-94 and 57-72 DNA fragments, respectively. In case of RAPD-PCR 80 and 90% of the primers used and developed monomorphic fragments of the Yemeni and Taify genotypes, respectively, particularly OPG08 primer for Taify genotype and OPA04 and OPD07 primers for the Yemeni genotype. Regarding ISSR, no DNA polymorphic for the micropropagated clones were recorded compared to the mother plant. CONCLUSION The ISSR assay's findings indicated the genetic homogeneity between the in vitro micropropagated clones of both pomegranate genotypes and the mother plants.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) plays a pivotal role in initiation of inflammation. genetic variation in NLRP3 gene have been proposed to predispose several inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of NLRP3 (exon 3) gene polymorphisms and its relation with serum NLRP3 among myocardial infarction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Case-control study involved 69 patients with Myocardial Infarction and 53 controls, from each subject 3 mL were collected and used for DNA extraction then the amplified exon 3 genes were sequenced by Sanger method. Serum NLRP3 was quantified using sandwich ELISA. RESULTS According to the results Q705K found to possess a 16.21 times risk for MI incidence compared with controls. In addition, 44 novel single nucleotide polymorphisms have been identified at the position 14347, 14261, 14240 and 14229 and their allelic variants as a risk factor for MI incidence as 3.92, 8.6, 2.04 and 4.57 when compared with their relevant allele in controls respectively. Statistically high level of serum NLRP3 (1.7 ng mL-1) among MI patients compared to controls (0.71 ng mL-1). The 0.75 ng mL-1 considered as a good predictor for MI with ECG findings. Only Q705K and 14229 genetic variant alleles were significantly associated with high NLRP3 protein serum level among MI patients. CONCLUSION Four novel SNPs in exon 3 of NLRP3 gene in addition to previously reported Q705K conferring risk for development of MI among Iraqis. Only variants allele of Q705K and gene position 14229 was associated with elevated serum NLRP3 protein among MI patients.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Obesity and osteoporosis are worldwide health problems that interact with each other. There are also affected by the menopause and dietary pattern. So, this study aimed to find the relation between osteoporosis, body weight and intake of protein, calcium and vitamin D in obese pre and post-menopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and sixteen shared as volunteers in a cross-section study lasted for 2 years. They were divided into 2 groups, pre and post-menopausal women. All women were subjected to, clinical examination, anthropometric measurements and 24 dietary recalls. They were evaluated for bone mass density, biochemical analysis for serum lipids, calcium and vitamin D. RESULTS Osteopenia and osteoporosis were higher among normal-weight and overweight (non-obese) women compared to obese as well weakly associated with their serum lipids. The mean daily protein consumption was high as compared to recommended daily allowances (RDAs), especially among osteoporotic women. The mean daily intake of vitamin D and calcium was low as the lower level was noticed among the osteoporotic premenopausal patients. The means serum concentration of calcium and vitamin D were adequate. CONCLUSION Data revealed that the prevalence of osteoporosis was lower among obese patients compared to non-obese women. Inadequate daily dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D was reported, however, physiological compensation maintained their optimal normal serum levels.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The fortification of bakery products by new materials that attain various goals is considered a challenging that finally gains useful health amelioration. This study was planned to assess the effect of incorporation of solar dried prickly pear peels powder in qaraqeesh (Egyptian cookies) with respect to increase shelf life, sensory palatability and nutritional value. Prickly pear cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) beside distributed in arid and semiarid regions proved to have phytochemical compounds with high antioxidants capacity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fungi colonies were isolated from prickly pear peels. Three levels (1, 3 and 5%) of dried peels powder were added to wheat flour along with other ingredients to make cookies samples. Mycological analysis was assessed in yeast with the three concentrations of peels powder as well as the fresh peels and negative control. The total phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, anthocyanins and carotenoids as well as the antioxidant activity were evaluated in fresh and dried cactus peels.