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7, p=0.01) cancers were identified as independent risk factors for primary ATZ cancer. Four of 1970 (0.2%) patients developed de novo ATZ/pouch cancer and dysplasia. The 10-year estimated cumulative pouch survival rate was not significantly different between stapled IPAA and hand-sewn IPAA cases (95.9% and 97.3%, p=0.25). CONCLUSION The risk of de novo ATZ/pouch cancer and dysplasia was rare. The decision to perform a hand-sewn or a stapled IAA should be on a case-by-case basis. However, the relatively high incidence of primary ATZ cancer in UC patients with CRC suggests that mucosectomy should be recommended for this patient group. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.Selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) are new class of compounds developed to target the progesterone receptor with a mix of agonist and antagonist properties. These compounds have been introduced for treatment of several gynecological conditions based on the critical role of progesterone in reproduction and reproductive tissues. In patients with uterine fibroids, mifepristone and ulipristal acetate have consistently demonstrated efficacy, and vilaprisan is currently under investigation, while studies of asoprisnil and telapristone were halted for safety concerns. Mifepristone demonstrated utility for management of endometriosis, while data are limited regarding the efficacy of asoprisnil, ulipristal acetate, telapristone, and vilaprisan for this condition. Currently, none of the SPRMs have shown therapeutic success in treating endometrial cancer. Multiple SPRMs have been assessed for efficacy in treating PR-positive recurrent breast cancer, with in vivo studies suggesting a benefit of mifepristone, and multiple in vitro models suggesting the efficacy of ulipristal acetate and telapristone. Mifepristone, ulipristal acetate, vilaprisan, and asoprisnil effectively treated heavy menstrual bleeding (HBM) in patients with uterine fibroids, but limited data exist regarding the efficacy of SPRMs for HMB outside this context. A notable class effect of SPRMs are benign, progesterone receptor modulator-associated endometrial changes (PAECs) due to the actions of the compounds on the endometrium. Both mifepristone and ulipristal acetate are effective for emergency contraception, and mifepristone was approved by the US FDA in 2012 for treatment of Cushing syndrome due to its additional anti-glucocorticoid effect. Based on current evidence, SPRMs show considerable promise for treatment of several gynecologic conditions. © Endocrine Society 2020. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.Normal cardiac contractile and relaxation function are critically dependent on a continuous energy supply. Accordingly, metabolic perturbations and impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics with subsequent disruption of ATP production underpin a wide variety of cardiac diseases, including diabetic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, anthracycline cardiomyopathy, peripartum cardiomyopathy, and mitochondrial cardiomyopathies. Crucially, there are no specific treatments for preventing the onset or progression of these cardiomyopathies to heart failure, one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Nicotinamide datasheet Therefore, new treatments are needed to target the metabolic disturbances and impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics underlying these cardiomyopathies in order to improve health outcomes in these patients. However, investigation of the underlying mechanisms and the identification of novel therapeutic targets have been hampered by the lack of appropriate animal disease models. Fualf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author(s) 2020. For permissions please email journals.permissions@oup.com.Echocardiography is a reliable and reproducible method to assess non-invasively cardiac function in clinical and experimental research. Significant progress in the development of echocardiographic equipment and transducers has led to the successful translation of this methodology from humans to rodents, allowing for the scoring of disease severity and progression, testing of new drugs, and monitoring cardiac function in genetically modified or pharmacologically treated animals. However, as yet, there is no standardization in the procedure to acquire echocardiographic measurements in small animals. This position paper focuses on the appropriate acquisition and analysis of echocardiographic parameters in adult mice and rats, and provides reference values, representative images and videos for the accurate and reproducible quantification of left ventricular function in healthy and pathological conditions. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author(s) 2020. For permissions please email journals.permissions@oup.com.Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common inherited monogenic disease with a prevalence of 1/500 in the general population, representing an important cause of arrhythmic sudden cardiac death (SCD), heart failure, and atrial fibrillation in the young. HCM is a global condition, diagnosed in more than 50 countries and in all continents, HCM affects people of both sexes and various ethnic and racial origins, with similar clinical course and phenotypic expression. The most unpredictable and devastating consequence of HCM is represented by arrhythmic SCD, most commonly caused by sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF). Indeed, HCM represents one of the main causes of arrhythmic SCD in the young, with a marked preference for children and adults less then 30 years. SCD is most prevalent in patients with pediatric onset of HCM but may occur at any age. However, risk is substantially lower after 60 years, suggesting that the potential for ventricular tachyarrhythmias is mitigated bsions please email journals.permissions@oup.com.ACKGROUND AND AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolic profile of mesenteric adipocytes and the correlations between key metabolic changes and local inflammation in the context of CD. METHODS Metabolic dysfunction was shown to be regulated by fatty acid desaturase-2 (FADS2) through metabolomics and functional analyses of mesenteric adipose tissue biopsies and primary mesenteric adipocytes isolated from surgical specimens collected from CD patients and control subjects. FADS2 was overexpressed in vitro and in vivo using a lentiviral vector and an adeno-associated virus (AAV), respectively. The interaction between mesenteric adipocytes and inflammation responses was evaluated by establishing a cell coculture system and an FADS2-AAV treated animal model. 3T3-L1 cells were used to elucidate the mechanism underlying FADS2 deregulation. RESULTS We observed significant changes in the levels of metabolites involved in the multi-step synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Gas chromatography analysis revealed impaired desaturation fluxes towards the n-6 and n-3 pathways, which are associated with reduced FADS2 activity in human mesentery tissue.