Patelundgren4489

This study gives insight into the potential of fabrication and designing of the M3Z-CoHA composites for temporary orthopedic implants.Micro/nano-scale deformation behavior including hardness, elastic modulus, and pop-ins, was studied in a medical austenitic stainless steel followed by post-mortem EBSD characterization. Relatively higher hardness and modulus was observed near 101 and more pop-ins occurred in this orientation at high loading rate. The activation volume (v) obtained from nanoindentation had weak dependence on grain orientation and was ~10-20 b3, indicating that neither diffusional creep processes nor conventional dislocation segments passing through dislocation forests controls plastic deformation in our study. The plastic zone radius (c) and the distance of the indent from the grain boundary (d) were used to describe the effect of grain boundary on the pop-in effect. The ratio of c/d meets amplitude version of Gaussian peak function distribution for a given orientation, whose peak value remains nearly constant for all the orientations.Total hip replacements (THR) are becoming an common orthopedic surgucal procedure in the United States (332 K/year in 2017) to relieve pain and improve the mobility of those that are affected by osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, or injury. However, complications like tribocorrosion, or material degradation due to friction and corrosion, may result in THR failure. Unfortunately, few strategies to non-invasively diagnose early-stage complications are reported in literature, leading to implant complications being detected after irreversible damage. Therefore, the main objective of this study proposes the utilization of acoustic emission (AE) to continuously monitor implant materials, CoCrMo and Ti6Al4V, and identify degradations formed during cycles of sleeping, standing, and walking by correlating them to potential and friction coefficient behavior. AE activity detected from the study correlates with the friction coefficient and open-circuit potential observed during recreated in-vitro standing, walking, and sleeping cycles. It was found that the absolute energy level obtained from AE increased as the friction coefficient increased, potential decreased, and wear volume loss increased. Through the results, higher friction coefficient and AE activity were observed in Ti6Al4V alloys while there was also a significant drop in potential, indicating increased tribocorrosion activity. Therefore, AE can be utilized to predict material degradations as a non-invasive method based on the severity of abnormality of the absolute energy and hits emitted. The correlation between potential, friction coefficient, and AE activity was further confirmed through profilometry which showed more material degradation in Ti6Al4V than CoCrMo. Through these evaluations, it was demonstrated that AE could be utilized to identify the deformations and failure modes of implant materials caused by tribocorrosion.Uterine leiomyoma is the most common benign pelvic tumor and the primary indication for hysterectomy. We hypothesized tumor softening and shrinking through shock waves mechanobiological influence on fibroblasts of the induced leiomyoma in rats. Three rats served as control from thirty-three female Wistar rats subjected to leiomyoma induction using mono-sodium glutamate and estradiol benzoate. After assessing uterine leiomyoma development with Doppler ultrasonography, blood and tissue samples were collected for hormonal and histopathological analysis. Of the fifteen rats treated with shock waves, five rats were sacrificed after receiving two sessions (2S), another five rats were sacrificed after receiving four sessions (4S), and the last five rats were sacrificed after two weeks recovery period (recovered 4S). From the fifteen non-treated leiomyoma group, five rats were sacrificed after Doppler ultrasound assessment (Leiomyoma), another five rats were sacrificed with the 4S group (Leiomyoma 1Wk recovery), and the last five rats were sacrificed with the recovered 4S group (Recovered leiomyoma). The collected blood samples, estradiol (E2), Estrogen receptor, progesterone (P4), and progesterone receptor (PGR), were assayed. Total cholesterol, protein, albumin, and globulin were measured. Uterine arteries' blood flow velocities, indices, and volume were obtained. Tissue samples were stained with smooth muscle actin (SMA), trichrome-three, and (hematoxylin and eosin). Rats developed leiomyoma had the highest (P = 0.0001) gross and sonographic uterine horns diameters, uterine weight, uterine coefficient, E2, and ER. Both trichrome-three and SMA staining confirmed the leiomyoma development and the response to shock waves treatment. In conclusion, low-intensity shock waves proved curative to the induced leiomyoma.The expression stability of six commonly used housekeeping genes (18S rRNA-18S ribosomal RNA, EF1α-elongation factor 1α, ACT1-Actin 1, GAPDH-Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, TUB6-Tubulin/FtsZ family and UBC-Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme) were scrutinized in leaves and roots of Cd stressed pigeonpea plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) species- Rhizoglomus intraradices (Ri), Funneliformis mosseae (Fm), Claroideoglomus etunicatum (Ce), C. claroideum (Cc). The stability profile of each gene was assessed using ΔCt, BestKeeper, NormFinder, RefFinder and geNorm algorithmic programs, which ranked different genes as most and least stable according to the tissues analysed. All the statistical algorithms ranked TUB6 as most stable and EF1α least stable housekeeping (HK) genes in both the plant tissues. The selected HK genes were verified using metallothionein (CcMT1) i.e. a stress responsive gene, whose expression altered under conditions of metal stress and AM inoculation. The expression pattern of CcMT1 varied highly when least stable reference gene was used for normalization as compared to most stable gene, under different treatments. learn more Thus, there is a need of selecting suitable reference gene to achieve reliable results in gene expression studies using quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). The study conducted will help future gene expression analysis in pigeonpea under specific stress.