Patekumar9418

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Laryngeal carcinoma (LC) is one of the most common malignant head and neck cancers with high incidence and mortality rates. Erchen decoction plus Huiyanzhuyu decoction (EHD) is commonly used for treating LC patients and produces beneficial results. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of EHD remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to analyse the anticancer effects of EHD on the LC cell cycle, apoptosis, migration and invasion in vitro and to explore the underlying biological mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS TU212 and Hep-2 cells were used. The antitumour effects of EHD were detected by CCK8, microscopy, flow cytometry, EdU incorporation, Hoechst 33342 staining, wound-healing, and transwell assays to assess viability, morphology, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration and invasion, respectively. Furthermore, STAT3 and related proteins were evaluated in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) cells by Western blot (WB) analysis. RESULTS EHD treatment significantly decreased STAT3 and p-STAT3 protein expression levels in LSCC cells. EHD blocked the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase and induced LSCC apoptosis. Moreover, the viability, migration, and invasion of LSCC cells were markedly inhibited by EHD. In addition, the expression of the cell cycle-related proteins cyclin D1 and cyclin B1 was downregulated in LSCC cells, but P27 expression was increased after EHD treatment. Regarding apoptosis-related proteins, EHD also reduced Bcl-2 expression but upregulated Bax and caspase-3 expression in LSCC cells. In the migration- and invasion-related protein analyses, EHD downregulated MMP-9 expression and upregulated E-cadherin expression. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that EHD has an anticancer effect in LSCC. EHD treatment induces apoptosis and inhibits the cell cycle, migration and invasion of LSCC cells, but further work is warranted to address the mechanisms. V.ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult. (Apocynaceae) is widely used in traditional medicine in the different parts of the Indian subcontinent due to the various biological activities attributed to its different parts, especially the roots. It has traditionally been used for treating snakebites, scorpion stings, diabetes, urinary diseases, dyspnea, menorrhagia, oligospermia, anorexia, fever, abdominal colic and pain, dysentery, diarrhea, cough, rheumatism, pain including headache, inflammation, pyrosis, skin diseases, leprosy, sexually transmitted diseases and cancer. In Ayurveda, the plant is used in the treatment of bone-loss, low body weight, and fever, stress, topical wound and psoriasis. Besides, Ayurvedic literature also depicts its use as anti-atherogenic, anti-spasmodic, memory enhancing, immunopotentiating and anti-inflammatory agents. AIM OF THE STUDY In this review, we aim to present a comprehensive update on the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, specific pharmacolructure-activity relationship. More designed investigations are needed to comprehend the multi-target network pharmacology, to clarify the molecular mode of action and to ascertain the efficacious doses of H. indicus. Moreover, H. 7-Ketocholesterol solubility dmso indicus is not fully assessed on the basis of its safety and efficacy on human. We hope this review will compile and improve the existing knowledge on the potential utilization of H. indicus in complementary and alternative medicine. V.ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Renshen Shouwu extract (RSSW) is a patented Traditional Chinese Medicine included in Chinese Pharmacopoeia for neurasthenia, forgetfulness, insomnia, inappetence and excessive fatigue. Our previous study had demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of RSSW against ischemic stroke in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). However, its underlying mechanism remains unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we investigated the neurogenesis and angiogenesis effects of RSSW in ischemic stroke rats, and further revealed its underlying mechanism focused on TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, active compounds of RSSW were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Secondly, Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed to induce ischemic stroke in rats and 2, 3, 5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was employed to evaluate whether MCAO surgery was successfully established. Neurological deficit evaluation was conducted according to the Zea Longa' method. Then, we explored the neurogenesis and angiogenesis effects after oral administration of RSSW (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg) in MCAO-induced rats by Immunofluorescence Staining. Moreover, the proteins involved in TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway (TLR4, p-NF-κB p65, NF-κB p65, NLRP3, pro-IL-1β, IL-1β, pro-Caspase-1, Caspase-1) were determined by western blotting. RESULTS It was observed that RSSW treatment significantly increased the number of newborn neurons and brain microvessel density (MVD) after ischemic stroke. What's more, RSSW treatment significantly downregulated TLR4, p-NF-κB p65/p65, NLRP3, pro-IL-1β, IL-1β, pro-Caspase-1, Caspase-1 proteins involved in TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS RSSW enhances neurogenesis and angiogenesis via inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammatory signaling pathway following ischemic stroke in rats. Hence, RSSW may be a promising Chinese Medicine for the treatment of ischemic stroke. ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Harpagide is the main ingredient in Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl which is used for the therapeutic purpose of treating encephalopathy. Harpagide has shown promise in the treatment of oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced brain injury. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. AIM OF STUDY In this study, we aimed to determine the neuroprotective effect of harpagide on rat cortical neurons under OGD/R conditions that induce the development of ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R). MATERIALS AND METHODS To explore the biological function of harpagide in cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI), The CIRI model was established by oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) on rat cortical neurons. It tested cell survival rate by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, apoptosis by flow cytometry, intracellular Ca2+ concentration [Ca2+] i by cofocal laser, and expressions related to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) by RT-PCR and Western blot.