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Based on our analysis, delaying the onset of adaptive immune responses during the early phase of infections may be a potential treatment option for high-risk COVID-19 patients. Suppressing the adaptive immune response temporarily and avoiding its interference with the innate immune response may allow the innate immunity to more efficiently clear the virus. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Radiotherapy with or without surgery is a common choice for brain tumors in dogs. Although numerous studies have evaluated use of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, reports of definitive-intent, IMRT for canine intracranial tumors are lacking. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy has the benefit of decreasing dose to nearby organs at risk and may aid in reducing toxicity. However, increasing dose conformity with IMRT calls for accurate target delineation and daily patient positioning, in order to decrease the risk of a geographic miss. To determine survival outcome and toxicity, we performed a multi-institutional retrospective observational study evaluating dogs with brain tumors treated with IMRT. Fifty-two dogs treated with fractionated, definitive-intent IMRT at four academic radiotherapy facilities were included. All dogs presented with neurologic signs and were diagnosed via MRI. Presumed radiological diagnoses included 37 meningiomas, 12 gliomas, and one peripheral nerve sheath tumor. One dog had two presumed meningiomas and one dog had either a glioma or meningioma. All dogs were treated in the macroscopic disease setting and were prescribed a total dose of 45-50 Gy (2.25-2.5 Gy per fraction in 18-20 daily fractions). Median survival time for all patients, including seven cases treated with a second course of therapy was 18.1 months (95% confidence of interval 12.3-26.6 months). As previously described for brain tumors, increasing severity of neurologic signs at diagnosis was associated with a worse outcome. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy was well tolerated with few reported acute, acute delayed, or late side effects. © 2020 American College of Veterinary Radiology.Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, a model strain of exoelectrogenic bacteria (EEB), plays a key role in environmental bioremediation and bioelectrochemical systems because of its unique respiration capacity. However, only a narrow range of substrates can be utilized by S. oneidensis MR-1 as carbon sources, resulting in its limited applications. In this study, a rapid, highly efficient, and easily manipulated base-editing system pCBEso was developed by fusing a Cas9 nickase (Cas9n (D10A)) with the cytidine deaminase rAPOBEC1 in S. oneidensis MR-1. The C-to-T conversion of suitable C within the base-editing window could be readily and efficiently achieved by the pCBEso system without requiring double-strand break or repair templates. Moreover, double-locus simultaneous editing was successfully accomplished with an efficiency of 87.5%. With this tool, the key genes involving in N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or glucose metabolism in S. oneidensis MR-1 were identified. Furthermore, an engineered strain with expanded carbon source utilization spectra was constructed and exhibited a higher degradation rate for multiple organic pollutants (i.e., azo dyes and organoarsenic compounds) than the wild-type when glucose or GlcNAc was used as the sole carbon source. Such a base-editing system could be readily applied to other EEB. This study not only enhances the substrate utilization and pollutant degradation capacities of S. oneidensis MR-1 but also accelerates the robust construction of engineered strains for environmental bioremediation. selleck compound © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.BACKGROUND The current standard method to measure intracardiac oxygen (O2 ) saturation is by invasive catheterization. Accurate noninvasive blood O2 saturation by MRI could potentially reduce the duration and risk of invasive diagnostic procedures. PURPOSE To noninvasively determine blood oxygen saturation in the heart with MRI and compare the accuracy with catheter measurements. STUDY TYPE Prospective. SUBJECTS Thirty-two patients referred for right heart catheterization (RHC) and five healthy subjects. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE T2-prepared single-shot balanced steady-state free-precession at 1.5T. link2 ASSESSMENT MR signals in venous and arterial blood, hematocrit, and arterial O2 saturation from a pulse oximeter were jointly processed to fit the Luz-Meiboom model and estimate blood O2 saturation in the right heart. Interstudy reproducibility was evaluated in volunteers and patients. Interobserver reproducibility among three readers was assessed using data from volunteers and 10 patients. Accuracy of MR oximetry wmal physiological range. link3 LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2. TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE 2. © 2020 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Accumulated failures in Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials have highlighted an urgent need to identify additional biomarkers involved in AD. Recently, mounting evidence reported that autoantibodies are ubiquitous in human sera. However, whether autoantibodies are upregulated in amyloid-tau biomarker confirmed AD is unknown. METHODS Forty subjects with mild dementia (CDR=1) were stratified into AD (N=16) and non-AD (N=24) groups according to their CSF levels of tau and Aβ42 . Their sera were collected and analyzed using a microarray containing >1600 potential human autoantigens. Autoantibodies that were present exclusively in the AD group were identified and selected using the penetrance-based fold change method using the following criteria Penetrance Fold Change(AD) ≥2, Frequency(AD ) ≥15%, Frequency(non-AD) =0%. RESULTS All controls and samples passed the QC criteria and were further used for biomarker analysis. Six autoantibodies with elevated responses to the following autoantigens were found exclusively in the AD group NAP1L3 (31.3%, 5/16 subjects), MAP4, PANK3, PIK3R1, PTP4A1, and SOX15 (all 18.8%, 3/16 subjects). CONCLUSION While some identified autoantigens are linked to AD and cognitive dysfunction, the increased autoantibody levels have not been reported in AD. Autoantibodies may provide deeper insights into the pathogenesis of AD and serve as diagnostic biomarkers; their corresponding antigens can be further studied to assess their potential as therapeutic targets. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVES Contemporary clinical assessment of vocal fold adduction and abduction is qualitative and subjective. Herein is described a novel computer vision tool for automated quantitative tracking of vocal fold motion from videolaryngoscopy. The potential of this software as a diagnostic aid in unilateral vocal fold paralysis is demonstrated. STUDY DESIGN Case-control. METHODS A deep-learning algorithm was trained for vocal fold localization from videoendoscopy for automated frame-wise estimation of glottic opening angles. Algorithm accuracy was compared against manual expert markings. Maximum glottic opening angles between adults with normal movements (N = 20) and those with unilateral vocal fold paralysis (N = 20) were characterized. RESULTS Algorithm angle estimations demonstrated a correlation coefficient of 0.97 (P less then  .001) and mean absolute difference of 3.72° (standard deviation [SD], 3.49°) in comparison to manual expert markings. In comparison to those with normal movements, patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis demonstrated significantly lower maximal glottic opening angles (mean 68.75° ± 11.82° vs. 49.44° ± 10.42°; difference, 19.31°; 95% confidence interval [CI] [12.17°-26.44°]; P less then  .001). Maximum opening angle less than 58.65° predicted unilateral vocal fold paralysis with a sensitivity of 0.85 and specificity of 0.85, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.888 (95% CI [0.784-0.991]; P less then  .001). CONCLUSION A user-friendly software tool for automated quantification of vocal fold movements from previously recorded videolaryngoscopy examinations is presented, termed automated glottic action tracking by artificial intelligence (AGATI). This tool may prove useful for diagnosis and outcomes tracking of vocal fold movement disorders. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV Laryngoscope, 2020. © 2020 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc.BACKGROUND There is increased interest in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries using ascorbic acid as important component in the human diet for health support and disease prevention, however their use as ingredient is limited by their high instability and sensitivity to environmental conditions. Microencapsulation technology was proposed to increase the stability of ascorbic acid. The aim this work was to evaluate the effect of ascorbic acid loading rate on physico-chemicals properties of encapsulated ascorbic acid. Loading content of 6, 9, 18, 36, 54 and 72 % of ascorbic acid were trialed using spray drying in conjunction with starch-based encapsulating agents. RESULTS The results showed that the loading content has a significant effect on ascorbic acid retention, yield, moisture content, water activity, colour changed, particle size and distribution of microcapsules. Morphology of microcapsules also was assessed using environmental scanning electron microscopy demonstrated shows that the microcapsules had good structure and integrity for loading content of 18% and even as high as 54%. At levels beyond this, capsules showed a lack of coherence and integrity of the outer shell. CONCLUSION This study indicated that the microparticles AA with different loading rate has a substantial impact on physical and chemical of microcapsules. Loading content can be selected to ensure colour uniformity and minimal effects on colour during food fortification process. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.In a recent study published in The Journal of Pathology, Barrow-McGee et al described a feasibility study of real-time ex-vivo perfusion model of the axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) from breast cancer patients for immune-oncological investigations. The study showed that perfused ALNs remain viable for up to 24 h, and perfusion of therapeutic antibodies confirmed the ability to reach ALN-resident cells. This work is a highly encouraging demonstration of feasibility for further research into lymphatic system function, with applications to immune function, vaccinations and cancer. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.INTRODUCTION This statement was planned on 11 March 2020 to provide clinical guidance and aid staff preparation for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Australia and New Zealand. It has been widely endorsed by relevant specialty colleges and societies. MAIN RECOMMENDATIONS Generic guidelines exist for the intubation of different patient groups, as do resources to facilitate airway rescue and transition to the "can't intubate, can't oxygenate" scenario. They should be followed where they do not contradict our specific recommendations for the COVID-19 patient group. Consideration should be given to using a checklist that has been specifically modified for the COVID-19 patient group. Early intubation should be considered to prevent the additional risk to staff of emergency intubation and to avoid prolonged use of high flow nasal oxygen or non-invasive ventilation. Significant institutional preparation is required to optimise staff and patient safety in preparing for the airway management of the COVID-19 patient group.