Parrishcharles8416

Quasi-solid state electrolyte is one of the promising options for next generation batteries due to its superiority on safety and electrochemistry performance. However, the trade-off between the electrolyte swelling ratio and mechanical property of the quasi-solid state electrolyte significantly influences the battery performance. Herein, we design a nonswelling, solvent-adaptive polymer gel composed of oleophobic zwitterion poly(3-(1-vinyl-3-imidazolio)-propanesulfonate) and oleophilic elastomer poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) segments to retain high battery performance without sacrificing the mechanical property in lithium batteries. The as-designed gel can not only uptake enough electrolyte for a high ionic conductivity of 1.78 mS cm-1 but also achieve excellent mechanical strength with compression stress at 90% strain (σ0.9) reaching 5.8 MPa after long time soaking for battery safety due to its nonswelling property in ester electrolyte. Moreover, the as-prepared zwitterionic gel is beneficial to electrolyte salt dissociation, which further enhances the ionic conductivity and transference number of batteries. Consequently, the gel electrolyte can cycle for more than 500 h under a high current density of 3 mA cm-2 on dendrite inhibition performance, and when assembled with LiFePO4 as a cathode, the battery demonstrates a reversible specific capacity as high as 70 mAh g-1 under a high current density of 5 C after 300 cycles. The rational designed solvophilic/solvophobic zwitterionic elastomers provide a guidance for engineering quasi-solid state electrolytes of different solvents with broad applications on flexible devices.In this research, the antibody of the searched hub genes has been proposed to combine with a rare-earth composite for an upconversion luminescence (UCL) and downconversion (DCL) NIR-II imaging strategy for the diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis is used to search the most relevant hub genes, and the required top genes that contribute to tumorigenesis (negative CLEC3B, MFAP4, PECAM1, and FHL1; positive CCNB2, CDCA5, HMMR, and TOP2A) are identified and validated by survival analysis and transcriptional and translational results. Meanwhile, fluorescence imaging probes (NaYF4Yb,Er,Eu@NaYF4Nd, denoted as NYFEu NPs) with multimodal optical imaging properties of downconversion and upconversion luminescence in the visible region and luminescence in the near infrared II region are designed with various uniform sizes and enhanced penetration and sensitivity. Finally, when the NYFEu NP probe is combined with antibodies of these chosen positive hub genes (such as, TOP2A and CCNB2), the in vitro and in vivo animal experiments (flow cytometry, cell counting kit-8 assay using A549 cells, and in vivo immunohistochemistry IHC microscopy images of LUAD from patient cases) indicate that the designed nanoprobes can be excellently used as a targeted optical probe for future accurate diagnosis and surgery navigation of LUAD in contrast with other cancer cells and normal cells. This strategy of antibodies combined with optical probes provides a dual-modal luminescence imaging method for precise medicine.Accurate diagnosis and efficient treatment of tumors are highly significant in battling cancer. Near-infrared II (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging shows big promise for deep tumor visualization in living systems due to high temporal and spatial resolution and deep tissue penetration capability, whereas the development of efficient NIR-II probes for tumor theranostics still faces a huge challenge. Herein, we have designed and constructed intelligent mPEG5000-PCL3000-encapsulated NIR-II nanoprobe ZM1068-NPs that showed great chemical stability and excellent biocompatibility. With the merits of the strong fluorescence in the NIR-II region and prominent optical-thermal conversion efficiency, this probe was successfully used for NIR-II imaging-guided surgery and photothermal therapy of breast carcinoma in living mice. More notably, it was for the first time found that ZM1068 dyes could be covalently on-site-immobilized within tumors through the thiol-chlor nucleophilic substitution reaction, resulting in improved tumor accumulation and retention time. We thus envision that this probe may provide an attractive means for precise cancer diagnosis and treatment.N-doped carbon materials represent a type of metal-free catalyst for diverse organic synthetic reactions. However, single N-doped carbon materials perform insufficiently in the selective oxidation reaction of C-H bond compared with metal catalysts or multielement co-doped materials. There are a few reports on the application of three-dimensional (3D) carbon materials in such a reaction. Besides, the relationship between the well-developed porous structures, heteroatom doping, and their catalytic performance is unclear. In this study, 3D porous N-doped graphene aerogel catalysts with high activity and selectivity for the C-H bond oxidation under mild reaction conditions have been synthesized through a two-step method. Systematic studies on the dosage of N sources, pyrolysis temperature, and their influences on the catalytic performances have been evolved. Moreover, solid evidence of the synergistic effect of sp2 C atoms adjacent to the N atoms and porous structure promoting the performance has been provided in this work.Protein aggregation is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and many other neurodegenerative disorders. Small organic fluorophores such as Congo Red preferentially bind to cross-β-sheet-rich deposits and have been used to label amyloid plaques and tau tangles in histological samples. However, distinguishing between different conformations of protein aggregates is not trivial. Using silkworm and spider silks (prototypical amyloids) and transgenic AD mouse (5XFAD) and human AD brain samples, we report how spectral confocal microscopy allowed for improved detection and differentiation of protein aggregates based on the unexpected photophysical behavior of the amyloid-specific dye K114. The pH and excitation power had pronounced effects on the emission spectrum and intensity of amyloid-bound K114 fluorescence. When bound to β-sheet-rich assemblies, the emission spectrum of K114 was governed by the local pH of the binding pockets much more than by the pH of the mounting medium, likely due to ionization of titratable phenols. Unexpectedly, exposure to high excitation power caused a permanent increase in fluorescence intensity and a spectral blue-shift. These light-induced fluorescence changes were dependent in a complex manner on laser power, exposure time, pH, and amyloid type examined. The above-mentioned phenomena were observed in silk fibers and Alzheimer brain sections from mouse and human, indicating that this may be a general characteristic of K114 when bound to tightly aggregated macromolecules. Potential mechanisms are discussed, likely involving photoinduced electron transfer. Our findings illustrate how the complex photophysical behavior of amyloid-bound K114 can be exploited for improved detection and differentiation of protein aggregates.The surface and boundary defects present in the perovskite film are reported to be nonradiative recombination and degradation centers, restricting further improvement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long-term stability of perovskite solar cells. To address this problem, herein, we introduce a fluorine-substituted small molecular material 2FBTA-1 as a bifunctional buffer layer to efficiently passivate the surface defects of perovskite and tune the energy level alignment between the perovskite/2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-(p-methoxyphenyl)amino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) interface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that with the insertion of 2FBTA-1 between perovskite and Spiro-OMeTAD, the metallic Pb0 defects and uncoordinated Pb2+ defects are well restricted. Consequently, the average PCE is distinctly improved from 18.4 ± 0.51 to 20.3 ± 0.40%. Moreover, the long-term stability of unencapsulated devices with 2FBTA-1 treatment under ambient conditions (relative humidity 40-60%) is effectively enhanced, retaining 87% of the initial efficiency after storage for 500 h.Rashba spin current generation emerges in heterostructures of ferromagnets and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) due to an interface polarization and associated inversion symmetry breaking. Recent work exploring the synthesis and transfer of epitaxial films on the top of low layer count 2D materials reveals that atomic potentials from the underlying substrate interface are not completely screened. Tiplaxtinin The extension of this transparency effect to other interfacial phenomena, such as the Rashba effect and associated spin torques, has not yet been demonstrated. Here, we report enhanced spin transfer torques from the Rashba spin current in heterostructures of permalloy (Py) and WSe2. We show that insertion of up to two monolayers of WSe2 enhances the spin transfer torques in a Rashba system by up to 3×, without changing the fieldlike Rashba spin-orbit torque (SOT), a measure of interface polarization. Our results indicate that low layer count TMD films can be used as an interfacial "scattering promoter" in heterostructure interfaces without quenching the original polarization.Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted great attention due to their high atom-utilization and catalytic efficiency. However, a universal synthetic route is still lacking, which restricts the SAC-related investigation and application. Here, we report a simple and cost-effective method to fabricate transition metal SACs through ion exchange and annealing procedures. Benefiting from the "egg-box" structure property of alginate, the metal ion can be effectively anchored into the organic center. Using CuCl2 as a representative transition metal ion, the Cu SAC structure was synthesized and identified by aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. Through optimizing CuCl2 concentration, the obtained Cu SAC exhibited a good oxygen reduction reaction activity, whose onset potential, half wave potential, and limiting current density are all comparable to those of 20 wt % Pt/C. Cu-N4 was identified as the responsible catalytic site. More importantly, other transition metal SACs can be easily synthesized via altering metallic solution, which proves the universality of our proposed method. This work may be valuable for the cost-effective and universal SAC synthetic method development.Coatings were grown on the AZ31 Mg alloy by a hard anodizing process in the hot glycerol phosphate-containing electrolyte. Anodizing conditions were optimized, maximizing corrosion resistance estimated by impedance measurements carried out in Hank's solution at 37 °C. A post anodizing annealing treatment (350 °C for 24 h) allowed us to further enhance the corrosion resistance of the coatings mainly containing magnesium phosphate according to energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Raman analyses. Gravimetric measurements revealed a hydrogen evolution rate within the limits acceptable for application of AZ31 in biomedical devices. In vitro tests demonstrated that the coatings are biocompatible with a preosteoblast cell line.