Parkcoffey0191

Product quality and production efficiency of Atlantic salmon are, to a large extent, influenced by the deposition and depletion of lipid reserves. Fillet lipid content is a heritable trait and is unfavourably correlated with growth, thus genetic management of fillet lipid content is needed for sustained genetic progress in these two traits. The laboratory-based reference method for recording fillet lipid content is highly accurate and precise but, at the same time, expensive, time-consuming, and destructive. Here, we test the use of rapid and cheaper vibrational spectroscopy methods, namely near-infrared (NIR) and Raman spectroscopy both as individual phenotypes and phenotypic predictors of lipid content in Atlantic salmon.

Remarkably, 827 of the 1500 individual Raman variables (i.e. Raman shifts) of the Raman spectrum were significantly heritable (heritability (h

) ranging from 0.15 to 0.65). learn more Similarly, 407 of the 2696 NIR spectral landscape variables (i.e. wavelengths) were significantly heritable (h

of lipid content in salmonid breeding programmes.Positive and negative religious coping strategies have been linked to symptom trajectories following adult interpersonal trauma. However, the interactions between childhood interpersonal trauma, religious coping, and psychological outcomes are less clear. This study examined whether aspects of religious coping moderated the associations between cumulative childhood interpersonal trauma and mental health outcomes, such as post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and resilience. Participants included 525 undergraduates from two universities (Mage = 20.04, SD = 1.71; range = 18-24; 57.7% White; 82.1% female). In both the positive and negative religious coping models, cumulative childhood interpersonal trauma was related to PTSS (b = 6.66; b = 6.10, respectively). While positive religious coping was not associated with PTSS (b = .01), it was linked to resilience (b = .69). Negative religious coping was significantly related to PTSS (b = .75) but not resilience (b = -.20). No significant interactions were identified between aspects of religious coping and cumulative childhood interpersonal trauma. While religious coping was directly related to both positive and negative mental health outcomes, it may not be associated with the relationships between childhood interpersonal trauma exposure and clinical outcomes. Such findings offer valuable information on malleable factors that may contribute to adaptive and maladaptive functioning following childhood adversity.Young athletes must contend with the constraints of elite sports on top of school commitments and the physiological processes associated with adolescence. This study assessed week and weekend sleep and schedule of activities in elite adolescent rugby players during the in-season competitive phase compared with age-matched non-athlete controls. 32 adolescents (GR 16 elite rugby players, GC 16 controls) from the same boarding school filled out a daily schedule of activities and a sleep diary, and wore a multichannel electroencephalogram for 14 days. They later filled out questionnaires on their sleep quality, sleepiness, and perceived stress. Both groups showed insufficient sleep duration during the week ( less then 7 h). Only GC caught up on their sleep debt during the weekend (increased TIB, TST and time spent in REM sleep, all p  less then  0.001). Weekend TIB, TST and, N3 sleep remained similar to that for weekdays in GR. However, GR experienced lower sleep quality (decreased SE, increased WASO, all p  less then  0.01) and a decrease in REM sleep (p  less then  0.01). Schedules of activities showed an increase in time spent on overall activities during the weekend, mainly due to competition and sport-specific travel, which resulted in a decrease in sleep opportunity time compared with GC (p  less then  0.001). Δ sleep opportunity time (weekend-week) was associated with Δ TST (weekend-week), and Δ TST (weekend-week) was associated with sleepiness and perceived stress. Busy schedules during the competitive season decreased sleep opportunity time and prevented elite adolescent rugby players from catching up on their sleep at weekends.HIGHLIGHTS Adolescent rugby players have insufficient sleep during both week and weekend of the in-season competitive phaseCongested schedule prevented elite adolescent rugby players from catching up on their sleep at weekends.Sleep considerations are necessary when planning the weekend sporting schedules.

Knowledge regarding the impact of body composition measures on pharmacokinetics of antipsychotics is limited.

Our aim was to investigate the impact of body weight and body mass index on clozapine pharmacokinetics using a therapeutic drug monitoring database.

A large therapeutic drug monitoring dataset of clozapine plasma concentrations considering three patient subgroups was analysed a control group (CLZ

, 20-30 kg/m

,

=266), a group with high body mass index (CLZ

, body mass index ⩾30 kg/m

,

=162) and with low body mass index values (CLZ

, body mass index <20 kg/m

,

=27). Comparisons of plasma and dose-adjusted plasma concentrations (C/D) of clozapine were based on the Spearman's correlation (

s), Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney-U tests. For percentages we used the Pearson chi-square test (χ

). To assess effects of confounders we used bootstrapping analysis of covariates.

Regarding demographic characteristics, groups differed only for sex percentage with more females than males in CLZ

and CLZ

compared to CLZ

(

=0.001 for χ

test). Plasma and C/D values were positively associated with body mass index (

s=0.108,

=0.022 and

s=0.156,

=0.001 respectively). Intergroup differences were observed for plasma and dose-adjusted concentrations of clozapine (

=0.031 and

=0.029 for Kruskal Wallis respectively) post-hoc pairwise comparisons showed higher plasma concentrations and C/D of clozapine in CLZ

compared to CLZ

(

=0.014 and

=0.007 respectively for Mann-Whitney U-test), by mean 21 and 18%, respectively. Differences for C/D values remained after accounting for sex (

=0.02).

In obese patients, bioavailability, distribution or elimination of clozapine may be altered due to increased clozapine deposits in fat tissue and hepatic enzyme activity changes.

In obese patients, bioavailability, distribution or elimination of clozapine may be altered due to increased clozapine deposits in fat tissue and hepatic enzyme activity changes.