Panduroskovsgaard2255

A variety of infrared applications rely on semiconductor superlattices, including, notably, the realization of high-power, compact quantum cascade lasers. Requirements for atomically smooth interface and limited lattice matching options set high technical standards for fabricating applicable heterostructure devices. The semiconductor twinning superlattice (TSL) forms in a single compound with periodically spaced twin boundaries and sharp interface junctions and can be grown with convenient synthesis methods. Therefore, employing semiconductor TSL may facilitate the development of optoelectronic applications related to superlattice structures. Here, it is shown that InAs TSL nanowires generate inter-sub-band transition channels due to the band projection and the Bragg-like electron reflection. The findings reveal the physical mechanisms of inter-sub-band transitions in TSL structure and suggest that TSL structures are promising candidates for mid-infrared optoelectronic applications.Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating condition with high morbidity and mortality seen predominately in preterm infants. Multiple factors are associated with the pathogenesis of NEC. The widespread use of antibiotics in the neonatal intensive care unit might play a role in the pathogenesis of NEC in preterm infants. This review provides a summary on the intestinal microbiota in preterm infants with a focus on how antibiotic exposure may reduce the biodiversity of the intestinal microbiota and may predispose preterm infants to NEC. CONCLUSION Prolonged antibiotic therapy has been suggested as a risk factor for the development of NEC in preterm infants.

High peak serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels may not be needed for maintenance intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) and such high levels may cause side effects. More frequent lower dosing may lead to more stable IgG levels and higher trough levels, which might improve efficacy. The aim of this trial is to investigate whether high frequent low dosage IVIg treatment is more effective than low frequent high dosage IVIg treatment.

In this randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial, we included patients with CIDP proven to be IVIg-dependent and receiving an individually established stable dose and interval of IVIg maintenance treatment. In the control arm, patients received their individual IVIg dose and interval followed by a placebo infusion at half the interval. In the intervention arm, patients received half their individual dose at half the interval. After a wash-out phase patients crossed over. The primary outcome measure was g does not further improve the efficacy of IVIg in stable IVIg-dependent CIDP and does not result in fewer side effects.

To identify and map studies that have assessed the effect of interventions on lower-limb macroscopic muscle-tendon morphology in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP).

We conducted a literature search of studies that included pre- and post-treatment measurements of lower-limb macroscopic muscle-tendon morphology in children with spastic CP. Study quality was evaluated and significant intervention effects and effect sizes were extracted.

Twenty-eight articles were identified. They covered seven different interventions including stretching, botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A), strengthening, electrical stimulation, whole-body vibration, balance training, and orthopaedic surgery. Study quality ranged from poor (14 out of 28 studies) to good (2 out of 28). Study samples were small (n=4-32) and studies were variable regarding which muscles and macroscopic morphological parameters were assessed. Inconsistent effects after intervention (thickness and cross-sectional area for strengthening, volume for BoNT-A), e not well understood. Studies reporting macroscopic muscle remodelling following interventions are limited and heterogeneous. Passive stretching may preserve but does not increase muscle length. selleck chemicals The effects of isolated botulinum neurotoxin A injections on muscle volume are inconsistent. Isolated strengthening shows no consistent increase in muscle volume or thickness.Evaluating the alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) at 50-80 °C required in industry can veritably promote practical applications. Here, the thermally induced complete reconstruction (TICR) of molybdate oxygen evolution reaction (OER) pre-catalysts at 51.9 °C and its fundamental mechanism are uncovered. The dynamic reconstruction processes, the real active species, and stereoscopic structural characteristics are identified by in situ low-/high-temperature Raman, ex situ microscopy, and electron tomography. The completely reconstructed (CR) catalyst (denoted as cat.-51.9) is interconnected by thermodynamically stable (oxy)hydroxide nanoparticles, with abundant boundaries and low crystallinity. For alkaline OER, cat.-51.9 exhibits a low overpotential (282.3 mV at 20 mA cm-2 , 25.0 °C) and ultrastable catalysis at 51.9 °C (250 h, with a negligible activity decay of 19.6 µV h-1 ). The experimental observations combined with theoretical analyses confirm the fast catalytic kinetics enabled by the co-effect of boundaries and vacancies. The coupled cat.-51.9 and MoO2 -Ni hydrogen-evolving arrays provide stable electrolysis operation at 51.9 °C for 220 h. This work uncovers new reconstruction phenomenon of pre-catalysts under realistic conditions and exceptional durability of CR catalysts toward practical high-temperature AWE.While sentence processing is generally a highly incremental and predictive process, negation seems to present an exception to this generalization. Two-step models of negation processing claim that predicate negation is computed only after the meaning of the core proposition has been computed. Several ERP studies eliciting the N400 (an index of semantic integration or lexical expectation) have found a "negation-blind" pattern of N400 results, suggesting that the negation has not been integrated into the overall sentence meaning by the time the critical word for the N400 is encountered. Recent research, however, showed that the N400 was sensitive to the negation-modulated truth value of the sentence when negation was pragmatically licensed. We investigate the possibility that negation-blind N400 is due to under-informativeness of stimuli in past experiments. We found that ERPs to simple class-exclusion statements ("A hammer is not a bird") still exhibit negation blindness, even when negation is presented in a more meaningful context.