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Vitamin E belongs to the family of lipid-soluble vitamins and can be divided into two groups, tocopherols and tocotrienols, with four isomers (alpha, beta, gamma and delta). Although vitamin E is widely known as a potent antioxidant, studies have also revealed that vitamin E possesses anti-inflammatory properties. These crucial properties of vitamin E are beneficial in various aspects of health, especially in neuroprotection and cardiovascular, skin and bone health. However, the poor bioavailability of vitamin E, especially tocotrienols, remains a great limitation for clinical applications. Recently, nanoformulations that include nanovesicles, solid-lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoemulsions, and polymeric nanoparticles have shown promising outcomes in improving the efficacy and bioavailability of vitamin E. This review focuses on the pharmacological properties and pharmacokinetics of vitamin E and current advances in vitamin E nanoformulations for future clinical applications. The limitations and future recommendations are also discussed in this review.

Drugs that work based on themechanism of RNA interference have shown strong potential in cancer gene therapy. Although significant progress has been made in small interfering RNA (siRNA) design and manufacturing, ideal delivery system remains a limitation for the development of siRNA-based drugs. Particularly, it is necessary to focus on parameters including delivery efficiency, stability, and safety when developing siRNA formulations for cancer therapy.

In this work, a novel degradable siRNA delivery system cRGD-R9-PEG-PEI-Cholesterol (rrPPC) was synthesized based on low molecular weight polyethyleneimine (PEI). Sotuletinib Functional groups including cholesterol, cell penetrating peptides (CPPs), and poly(ethylene oxide) were introduced to PEI backbone to attain enhanced transfection efficiency and biocompatibility.

The synthesized rrPPC was dispersed as nanoparticles in water with an average size of 195 nm and 41.9 mV in potential. rrPPC nanoparticles could efficiently deliver siRNA into C26 clone cancer cells and trigger caveolae-mediated pathway during transmembrane transportation. By loading the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) targeting siRNA, rrPPC/STAT3 siRNA (rrPPC/siSTAT3)complex demonstrated strong anti-cancer effects in multiple colon cancer models following local delivery. In addition, intravenous (IV) injection of rrPPC/siSTAT3 complex efficiently suppressed lung metastasis tumor progression with ideal in vivo safety.

Our results provide evidence that rrPPC nanoparticles constitute a potential candidate vector for siRNA-based colon cancer gene therapy.

Our results provide evidence that rrPPC nanoparticles constitute a potential candidate vector for siRNA-based colon cancer gene therapy.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an important role in the tumorigenesis of pancreatic cancer. However, the expression profiles and roles of circRNAs in pancreatic cancer remain largely unknown.

To identify differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs) between pancreatic cancer and matched normal tissues, bioinformatics analysis was performed. Hsa_circ_0000069 was identified by 0.bioinformatics analysis. In addition, the level of hsa_circ_0000069 in pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines, and pancreatic cancer cell-derived exosomes were assessed using RT-qPCR assay.

The expression of hsa_circ_0000069 was markedly upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines. SCL/TAL1 interrupting locus (STIL) is the parent gene for hsa_circ_0000069, and its high expression was related to poor overall survival in patients with pancreatic cancer. In addition, downregulation of hsa_circ_0000069 markedly suppressed STIL expression, induced the apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and inhibited the proliferation, migraregulated hsa_circ_0000069 could suppress HPDE cell malignant transformation. Collectively, hsa_circ_0000069 might be a therapeutic target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.Metal nanoparticles are being extensively used in biomedical fields due to their small size-to-volume ratio and extensive thermal stability. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are an obvious choice for biomedical applications due to their amenability of synthesis, stabilization, and functionalization, low toxicity, and ease of detection. In the past few decades, various chemical methods have been used for the synthesis of AuNPs, but recently, newer environment friendly green approaches for the synthesis of AuNPs have gained attention. AuNPs can be conjugated with a number of functionalizing moieties including ligands, therapeutic agents, DNA, amino acids, proteins, peptides, and oligonucleotides. Recently, studies have shown that gold nanoparticles not only infiltrate the blood vessels to reach the site of tumor but also enter inside the organelles, suggesting that they can be employed as effective drug carriers. Moreover, after reaching their target site, gold nanoparticles can release their payload upon an external or internal stimulus. This review focuses on recent advances in various methods of synthesis of AuNPs. In addition, strategies of functionalization and mechanisms of application of AuNPs in drug and bio-macromolecule delivery and release of payloads at target site are comprehensively discussed.Curcumin (CUR), as a traditional Chinese medicine monomer extracted from the rhizomes of some plants in Ginkgo and Araceae, has shown a wide range of therapeutic and pharmacological activities such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, anti-virus, anti-liver fibrosis, anti-atherosclerosis, and anti-Alzheimer's disease. However, some issues significantly affect its biological activity, such as low aqueous solubility, physico-chemical instability, poor bioavailability, and low targeting efficacy. In order to further improve its curative effect, numerous efficient drug delivery systems have been carried out. Among them, physicochemical targeting preparations could improve the properties, targeting ability, and biological activity of CUR. Therefore, in this review, CUR carrier systems are discussed that are driven by physicochemical characteristics of the microenvironment (eg, pH variation of tumorous tissues), affected by external influences like magnetic fields and vehicles formulated with thermo-sensitive materials.