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39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08 to 5.28; P=0.031). Total CAN score was positively associated with loguNAG (β=0.261, P=0.026) in the multivariate linear regression model. Log-uNAG was inversely correlated with frequency-domain and time-domain indices of HRV.

This study verified the association of uNAG with presence and severity of CAN and changes in HRV in T1DM patients without nephropathy. The potential role of uNAG should be further assessed for high-risk patients for CAN in T1DM patients without nephropathy.

This study verified the association of uNAG with presence and severity of CAN and changes in HRV in T1DM patients without nephropathy. The potential role of uNAG should be further assessed for high-risk patients for CAN in T1DM patients without nephropathy.

This study aimed to investigate the association between hepatic steatosis burden and albuminuria in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

We recruited 100 patients with both T2DM and NAFLD, but without chronic kidney disease. Albuminuria was defined as a spot urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) ≥30 mg/g. Transient elastography was performed, and the steatosis burden was quantified by controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) with significant steatosis defined as CAP >302 dB/m.

The prevalence of significant steatosis and albuminuria was 56.0% and 21.0%, respectively. Subjects with significant steatosis were significantly younger and had a significantly shorter duration of T2DM, greater waist circumference, and higher body mass index, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, than subjects without severe NAFLD (all P<0.05). Albuminuria was higher in patients with significant steatosis than in patients without significant steatosis (32.1% vs. 6.8%, P=0.002). Urinary ACR showed a correlation with CAP (r=0.331, P=0.001), and multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant association between a high degree of albuminuria and high CAP value (r=0.321, P=0.001). Additionally, multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated the independent association between urinary ACR and significant steatosis after adjustment for confounding factors including age, body mass index, duration of T2DM, low density lipoprotein level, and renin-angiotensin system blocker use (odds ratio, 1.88; 95% confidence interval, 1.31 to 2.71; P=0.001).

T2DM patients with NAFLD had a higher prevalence of albuminuria, which correlated with their steatosis burden.

T2DM patients with NAFLD had a higher prevalence of albuminuria, which correlated with their steatosis burden.

To reveal the contribution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to ultrasound (US) in prenatal diagnosis of fetal craniospinal anomalies by retrospectively comparing the prenatal and postnatal findings.

After institutional review board approval, between January 2010 and May 2020, 301 pregnant women, the gestational age was between 19-37 weeks (mean 26.5 ± 6.1 weeks), diagnosed with cranial and spinal anomalies on fetal US and later on imaged with MRI were evaluated and in 179 of those cases prenatal imaging findings were compared with postnatal findings.

A total of 191 fetal craniospinal anomalies were detected in 179 pregnant women. MRI and US diagnosis were completely correct in 145 (75.9%) and 112 (58.6%), respectively. selleck products Diagnostic performance of MRI was significantly higher than that of the US (p < 0.05). Both prenatal MRI and US findings were concordant with postnatal diagnosis in 53% of the cases. In 28.8% cases, prenatal MRI contributed to US by either changing the wrong US diagnosis (8.9%), demonstration of additional findings (14%) or confirming the suspicious US diagnosis (5.8%).

Due to its high resolution and multiplanar imaging capability, fetal MRI contributes significantly to US in the correct prenatal diagnosis of craniospinal anomalies. This contribution especially is significant in neural tube defects, cortical malformations and ischemic-hemorrhagic lesions.

Due to its high resolution and multiplanar imaging capability, fetal MRI contributes significantly to US in the correct prenatal diagnosis of craniospinal anomalies. This contribution especially is significant in neural tube defects, cortical malformations and ischemic-hemorrhagic lesions.

Sleep-deprivation disrupts prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle reflex and can be used to mimic psychosis in experimental animals. On the other hand, it is also a model for other disorders of sensory processing including migraine. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of sodium valproate, a drug that is used in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders, on normal and disrupted sensorimotor gating in rats.

62 Wistar Albino rats were randomly distributed into 8 groups. Subchronic and intraperitoneal sodium valproate were administrated to the sleep-deprived and non-sleep-deprived rats by either in 50-100 or 200 mg/kg/day. Prepulse inhibition test and locomotor activity test were performed. Sleep-deprivation induced by the modified multiple platform method.

Sleep-deprivation impaired prepulse inhibition, decreased startle amplitude and increased locomotor activity. Sodium valproate did not significantly alter prepulse inhibition and locomotor activity in non-sleep-deprived and sleep-deprived groups. On the other hand, all doses decreased locomotor activity in drug treated groups, and low dose improved sensorimotor gating and startle amplitude after sleep-deprivation.

Low dose sodium valproate improves sleep-deprivation-disrupted sensorimotor gating, and this finding may rationalize the use of sodium valproate in psychotic states and other disorders of sensory processing. Dose-dependent effects of sodium valproate on sensorimotor gating should be investigated in detail.

Low dose sodium valproate improves sleep-deprivation-disrupted sensorimotor gating, and this finding may rationalize the use of sodium valproate in psychotic states and other disorders of sensory processing. Dose-dependent effects of sodium valproate on sensorimotor gating should be investigated in detail.