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[This corrects the article DOI 10.21037/atm-21-1438.].
Splenomegaly is not just a consequence of numerous chronic and acute conditions but may also contribute to their severity, due to the interaction of the spleen with the gut microbiome. This study aimed to explore the effect of the gut microbiome on splenomegaly.
We used p40
IL-2Rα
mice as a murine model of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) as per our previous study. Splenomegaly was evaluated by spleen weight. Severity of liver inflammation was evaluated by hepatic mononuclear cell (MNCs) number and pathological score. Changes of immune cells in the spleen and liver were detected by flow cytometry. The effects of the gut microbiome on splenomegaly and liver inflammation were observed by combined antibiotic treatment in p40
IL-2Rα
mice.
A proportion of p40
IL-2Rα
mice developed splenomegaly. The results revealed that liver mononuclear cells infiltration, histological scores of hepatic inflammation, and bile duct damage were positively correlated with the degree of splenomegaly. Hepatic CD4
and CD8
T cells numbers were significantly higher in mice with splenomegaly, and this was particularly observed in activated effector memory CD4
T and CD8
T cells. A proportion of some other immune cells including granulocytes, B, natural killer (NK), and CD8
T effector memory cells were also altered in the enlarged spleen. More importantly, administration of quadruple antibiotics to deplete gut microbiota relieved the splenomegaly of p40
IL-2Rα
mice, significantly alleviated liver inflammation, and caused a significant reduction of liver and spleen T cell accumulation and activation; however, single antibiotics did not induce these changes.
Splenomegaly was associated with more severe liver inflammation in our PBC murine model, and this effect was reversed by quadruple antibiotic treatment.
Splenomegaly was associated with more severe liver inflammation in our PBC murine model, and this effect was reversed by quadruple antibiotic treatment.
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are one of the most common types of birth defects. Oral folic acid (FA) prophylaxis is currently available, but the pathogenesis of NTDs is not fully understood. We conducted this study to examine the role of the immune landscape of NTDs and identify novel diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers.
We downloaded the GSE33111 data set of 12 NTD embryos and 12 healthy embryos in the same period of fetal development from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We compared the healthy embryos and NTD embryos to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We also performed a functional enrichment analysis of the DEGs using the clusterProfiler package. We extracted the top 10 ranked genes as hub immune-related biomarkers. We then used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to determine the expression levels of the hub immune-related genes and the accuracy of the diagnosis of NTDs. Finally, we analyzed the immune landscape of the NTD embryos and healthy embryos via a si and development of NTDs.
Long non-coding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs) are believed to play crucial roles in cardiovascular diseases; however, details of the underlying mechanisms by which this occurs remain unclear.
A mouse heart failure (HF) model was established using isoproterenol (ISO), and confirmed by immunostaining and echocardiography. RNA-sequencing was performed to screen the differential lncRNA expression profiles and heart failure relative lncRNA (HFRL) was selected as the target which was validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In HL-1 cells, the cardiac function, inflammatory, and fibrosis-related genes expression changes were examined by qRT-PCR after silencing of HFRL by lentivirus. Meanwhile, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays were used to detect the effects of HFRL on the cell proliferation and viability. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays were also used to explore the role of HFRL in oxidative damage. Next, bioinformatics analysis was conducted to predict the potential binding the 3'-untranscripted region of the collagen
gene. Thus, HFRL affected cardiomyocyte inflammation, proliferation, viability, oxidative damage, and pro-fibrotic function via sequestration to miR-149-5p.
The HFRL/miR-149-5p axis plays an important role in regulating cardiac inflammation, proliferation, and fibrosis via a synergistic effect, which suggests that HFRL might be a novel target for HF.
The HFRL/miR-149-5p axis plays an important role in regulating cardiac inflammation, proliferation, and fibrosis via a synergistic effect, which suggests that HFRL might be a novel target for HF.
Rapid prediction of adverse bone fracture healing outcome (e.g., nonunion and/or delayed union) is essential to advise adjunct therapies to reduce patient suffering and improving healing outcome. Radiographic diagnostic methods remain ineffective during early healing, resulting in average nonunion diagnosis times surpassing six months. To address this clinical deficit, we developed a novel diagnostic device to predict fracture healing outcome by noninvasive telemetric measurements of fracture bending stiffness. MLN8237 nmr This study evaluated the hypothesis that our diagnostic antenna system is capable of accurately measuring temporal fracture healing stiffness, and advises the utility of this data for expedited prediction of healing outcomes during early (≤3 weeks) fracture recovery.
Fracture repair was simulated, in reverse chronology, by progressively destabilizing cadaveric ovine metatarsals (n=8) stabilized via locking plate fixation. Bending stiffness of each fracture state were predicted using a novel direct ct electromagnetic coupling measurements (82.2 µm) and FE predictions (74.7 µm). For all treatment parameters, FE analyses predicted nonlinear reduction in bending induced implant midspan deflections for increasing callus stiffness.
This technology demonstrates potential as a noninvasive clinical tool to accurately quantify healing fracture stiffness to augment and expedite healing outcome predictions made using radiographic imaging.
This technology demonstrates potential as a noninvasive clinical tool to accurately quantify healing fracture stiffness to augment and expedite healing outcome predictions made using radiographic imaging.
As the vascular theory has led many researchers to focus on vascular dysfunction in the pathogenesis of glaucoma, a better understanding of ocular microcirculation would be of great significance. The emergence of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has shed light on the various fundus microvascular changes that occur in glaucoma, thus providing ample evidence in the role of microvascular dysfunction in glaucoma. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the retinal and choroidal microvascular alterations that occur in glaucoma and to address the role of microvascular alterations in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of glaucoma.
The literature regarding fundus microvascular alterations in glaucoma and after glaucoma treatment, including alterations of vascular perfusion and vascular reactivity, was broadly researched using PubMed and Web of Science databases. The endothelium involvements during the glaucoma course were also searched in the databases broadly.
Prevts.
Ample evidence proved the involvement of retinal and choroidal microvascular structural and functional changes in the course of glaucoma. This review makes a novel contribution to the literature by summarizing the microvascular alterations in glaucoma eyes and the microvascular changes after topical or surgical treatments.
Head-up cardiopulmonary resuscitation (HU-CPR) is an experimental treatment for sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), where cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is performed in a ramped position. We evaluated whether HU-CPR improved survival and surrogate outcomes as compared to standard CPR (S-CPR).
Studies reporting on HU-CPR in SCA were searched for in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library from inception to May 1st 2021. Outcomes included neurologically-intact survival, 24-hour-survival, intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CerPP) and brain blood flow (BBF). Risk of bias was assessed using the GRADE assessment tool and Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Fixed- and random-effects models were used to estimate the pooled effects of HU-CPR at 30 degrees.
Thirteen articles met the criteria for inclusion (11 animal-only studies, one before-and-after human-only study, one study that utilized human- and animal-cadavers). Among animal studies, the most common implementation of HU-CPR was a 30-degree upward tiltication with future randomized human trials.
Overall, HU-CPR improved neurologically-intact survival at 24-hour, ROSC and physiological surrogate outcomes in animal models. Despite promising preclinical data, and one human observational study, clinical equipoise remains surrounding the role of HU-CPR in SCA, necessitating clarification with future randomized human trials.
The present study sought to explore the efficacy of one-third tubular steel plates and screws for the treatment of medial column of pilon fractures.
The present retrospective study comprised 40 subjects with Rüedi-Allgöwer type III pilon fractures that attended Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital from April 2016 to April 2019. Patients were assigned to 2 groups based on reconstruction and fixation components used on the medial column. The medial column of participants in the control group (n=20) was anchored using screws. The medial column for subjects in the treatment group (n=20) was reconstructed using a one-third tubular steel plate. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score at 1, 2, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after operation, intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, preoperative detumescence duration, operation time, postoperative weightbearing duration, and postoperative Burwell-Charnley radiological score of the 2 groups were compared.
The findings showed thate. Compared with simple screw fixation, the use of a one-third tubular steel plate allows earlier postoperative weightbearing, decreases the rate of postoperative reduction loss, and leads to better clinical effects and prognosis.
The present findings show that the medial column of subjects with Rüedi-Allgöwer type III pilon fracture can be repaired using a one-third tubular steel plate. Compared with simple screw fixation, the use of a one-third tubular steel plate allows earlier postoperative weightbearing, decreases the rate of postoperative reduction loss, and leads to better clinical effects and prognosis.
The prevalence of stroke in young adults is increasing. We investigated the monogenic basis of young adult cryptogenic stroke patients.
This multicenter study enrolled cryptogenic stroke patients under 55 years old, and individuals with nonstroke diseases were included as controls. Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) was applied with a custom-designed gene panel that included 551 genes. Rare variants were classified into 2 groups pathogenic variants and variants of unknown significance.
A total of 153 individuals, including 30 (21 males, 70%; mean age 36.1±10.2 years) in the disease group and 123 (59 males, 48.0%; mean age 40.4±13.1 years) in the control group, were recruited. In the disease group, 32 rare variants were identified. Among these individuals, 18 pathogenic variants in 16 patients were detected, with a 53.3% (16/30) diagnostic yield of monogenic causes for cryptogenic stroke. None of these mutations were observed in the control group. Among the mutant genes, the most prevalent were Notch receptor 3 (
), protein kinase AMP-activated noncatalytic subunit gamma 2 (
), and ryanodine receptor 2 (
).
